Waa maxay elastomer-ka Thermoplastic polyurethane?

Waa maxay elastomer-ka Thermoplastic polyurethane?

Polyurethane elastomer waa noocyo kala duwan oo walxo isku-dhafan oo polyurethane ah (noocyo kale waxay tilmaamayaan xumbo polyurethane ah, dhejis polyurethane ah, dahaarka polyurethane iyo fiber polyurethane ah), iyo Thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer waa mid ka mid ah saddexda nooc ee polyurethane elastomer, Dadku waxay si caadi ah ugu yeeraan TPU (labada nooc ee kale ee ugu waaweyn ee polyurethane elastomers waa polyurethane elastomers, oo loo soo gaabiyo CPU, iyo isku-dhafka polyurethane elastomers, oo loo soo gaabiyo MPU).

TPU waa nooc ka mid ah elastomer-ka polyurethane-ka kaas oo lagu kululayn karo oo lagu milmi karo dareeraha. Marka la barbar dhigo CPU iyo MPU, TPU waxay leedahay isku xidhka kiimikada oo yar ama ma laha isku xidhka kiimikada ee qaab-dhismeedkeeda kiimikada. Silsiladdeeda molecular-ka asal ahaan waa toosan tahay, laakiin waxaa jira xaddi gaar ah oo isku xidhka jireed ah. Kani waa elastomer-ka polyurethane-ka ee Thermoplastic kaas oo aad ugu caan ah qaab-dhismeedka.

Qaab-dhismeedka iyo kala-soocidda TPU

Elastomer-ka polyurethane ee Thermoplastic waa polymer toosan oo ah (AB). A wuxuu matalaa polyol polymer ah (ester ama polyether, miisaanka molecular-ka ee 1000 ~ 6000) oo leh miisaan molecular sare ah, oo loo yaqaan silsilad dheer; B wuxuu matalaa diol oo ka kooban 2-12 atamka kaarboon silsilad toosan ah, oo loo yaqaan silsilad gaaban.

Qaab-dhismeedka elastomer-ka polyurethane ee Thermoplastic, qaybta A waxaa loo yaqaan qaybta jilicsan, taas oo leh astaamaha dabacsanaanta iyo jilicsanaanta, taasoo ka dhigaysa TPU inay leedahay fiditaan; Silsiladda urethane ee ka dhalata falgalka u dhexeeya qaybta B iyo isocyanate waxaa loo yaqaan qayb adag, taas oo leh sifooyin adag iyo kuwo adag labadaba. Iyadoo la hagaajinayo saamiga qaybaha A iyo B, alaabada TPU oo leh sifooyin jireed iyo kuwo farsamo oo kala duwan ayaa la sameeyaa.

Sida ku cad qaab-dhismeedka qaybaha jilicsan, waxaa loo qaybin karaa nooca polyester, nooca polyether, iyo nooca butadiene, kuwaas oo siday u kala horreeyaan ka kooban kooxda ester, kooxda ether, ama kooxda butene. Sida ku cad qaab-dhismeedka qaybaha adag, waxaa loo qaybin karaa nooca urethane iyo nooca urethane urea, kuwaas oo laga helo fidiyeyaasha silsiladda ethylene glycol ama fidiyeyaasha silsiladda diamine. Kala soocidda guud waxay u qaybsan tahay nooca polyester iyo nooca polyether.

Waa maxay walxaha ceeriin ee loogu talagalay isku-darka TPU?

(1) Polymer Diol

Diol macromolecular ah oo leh miisaan molecular ah oo u dhexeeya 500 ilaa 4000 iyo kooxo laba-shaqayn ah, oo leh 50% ilaa 80% oo ku jira elastomer-ka TPU, ayaa door muhiim ah ka ciyaara sifooyinka jireed iyo kiimikada ee TPU.

Polymer Diol oo ku habboon TPU elastomer waxaa loo qaybin karaa polyester iyo polyether: polyester waxaa ku jira polytetramethylene Adipic acid glycol (PBA) ε PCL, PHC; Polyeters waxaa ku jira polyoxypropylene ether glycol (PPG), tetrahydrofuran polyether glycol (PTMG), iwm.

(2) Diisocyanate

Miisaanka molecular-ku waa yar yahay laakiin shaqadu waa mid aad u fiican, taas oo aan kaliya door ka qaadanayn isku xirka qaybta jilicsan iyo qaybta adag, laakiin sidoo kale waxay TPU siisaa sifooyin jireed iyo farsamo oo kala duwan. Diisocyanates-ka ku habboon TPU waa: Methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI), methylene bis (-4-cyclohexyl isocyanate) (HMDI), p-phenyldiisocyanate (PPDI), 1,5-naphthalene diisocyanate (NDI), p-phenyldimethyl diisocyanate (PXDI), iwm.

(3) Fidiye Silsilad ah

Qalabka fidinta silsiladda oo leh miisaan molecular ah oo ah 100~350, oo ka tirsan Diol yar oo molecular ah, miisaan molecular yar, qaab-dhismeed silsilad furan iyo koox beddel ah oo aan lahayn ayaa ku habboon helitaanka adkaanta sare iyo miisaanka scalar sare ee TPU. Qalabka fidinta silsiladda ee ku habboon TPU waxaa ka mid ah 1,4-butanediol (BDO), 1,4-bis (2-hydroxyethoxy) benzene (HQEE), 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol (CHDM), p-phenyldimethylglycol (PXG), iwm.

Codsiga Wax-ka-beddelka ee TPU oo ah Wakiil Adkayn ah

Si loo yareeyo kharashyada badeecada loona helo waxqabad dheeraad ah, elastomers-ka polyurethane thermoplastic waxaa loo isticmaali karaa sidii wakiillo adag oo caadi ahaan loo isticmaalo si loo adkeeyo walxaha kala duwan ee thermoplastic iyo caagga wax laga beddelay.

Sababtoo ah kala-goysyada sare, polyurethane waxay la jaan qaadi kartaa resins-ka polar ama cinjirro, sida polyethylene chlorine (CPE), kaas oo loo isticmaali karo in lagu sameeyo alaabada caafimaadka; Isku-darka ABS waxay beddeli kartaa thermoplastics-ka injineernimada si loo isticmaalo; Marka loo isticmaalo iyadoo lagu darayo polycarbonate (PC), waxay leedahay sifooyin sida iska caabbinta saliidda, iska caabbinta shidaalka, iyo iska caabbinta saameynta, waxaana loo isticmaali karaa in lagu sameeyo jirka gaariga; Marka lagu daro polyester, adkeysigeeda waa la hagaajin karaa; Intaa waxaa dheer, waxay si fiican ula jaan qaadi kartaa PVC, Polyoxymethylene ama PVDC; Polyester polyurethane waxay si fiican ula jaan qaadi kartaa 15% caag Nitrile ama isku darka 40% caag nitrile/PVC; Polyether polyurethane sidoo kale si fiican ayey ula jaan qaadi kartaa 40% koolada isku darka caag/polyvinyl chloride; Waxay sidoo kale la jaan qaadi kartaa copolymers-ka acrylonitrile styrene (SAN); Waxay samayn kartaa qaab-dhismeedyo shabakad isku-dhafan (IPN) oo leh polysiloxanes reactive. Inta badan dhejisyada isku-dhafka ah ee kor ku xusan ayaa horeyba si rasmi ah loo soo saaray.

Sannadihii ugu dambeeyay, waxaa jiray cilmi-baaris sii kordheysa oo ku saabsan adkeynta POM ee TPU ee Shiinaha. Isku-darka TPU iyo POM ma aha oo kaliya inay hagaajiso iska caabbinta heerkulka sare iyo sifooyinka farsamada ee TPU, laakiin sidoo kale waxay si weyn u adkeyneysaa POM. Cilmi-baarayaal qaar ayaa muujiyay in tijaabooyinka jabka jilicsanaanta, marka la barbar dhigo matrix-ka POM, dahaarka POM ee TPU uu ka gudbay jabka jilicsan una gudbay jabka ductile. Ku darista TPU sidoo kale waxay POM siisaa waxqabadka xusuusta qaabka. Gobolka kristalinta ee POM wuxuu u adeegaa sidii marxaladda go'an ee dahaarka xusuusta qaabka, halka gobolka aan qaab-dhismeedka lahayn ee TPU iyo POM uu u shaqeeyo sidii marxaladda la celin karo. Marka heerkulka jawaabta soo kabashada uu yahay 165 ℃ waqtiga soo kabashadana uu yahay 120 ilbiriqsi, heerka soo kabashada ee dahaarka wuxuu gaaraa in ka badan 95%, saameynta soo kabashadana waa tan ugu fiican.

TPU way adag tahay in lala jaanqaado walxaha aan polar ahayn sida polyethylene, polypropylene, caagga Ethylene propylene, caagga butadiene, caagga isoprene ama budada caagga qashinka ah, mana loo isticmaali karo in lagu soo saaro isku-dhafan leh waxqabad wanaagsan. Sidaa darteed, hababka daaweynta dusha sare sida plasma, corona, kiimikada qoyan, primer, olol ama gaas falgal ah ayaa badanaa loo isticmaalaa kan dambe. Tusaale ahaan, Shirkadda American Air Products and Chemicals Company waxay samaysay daawaynta dusha sare ee gaaska firfircoon ee F2/O2 oo ku salaysan budada polyethylene ee miisaanka molecular-ka aadka u sarreeya oo leh miisaan molecular ah oo ah 3-5 milyan, waxayna ku dartay elastomer polyurethane oo leh saamiga 10%, taas oo si weyn u hagaajin karta modulus-keeda Flexural, xoogga jiidista iyo iska caabbinta xirashada. Daaweynta dusha sare ee gaaska firfircoon ee F2/O2 waxaa sidoo kale lagu dabaqi karaa fiilooyinka gaagaaban ee jihada dheer oo leh dherer dhan 6-35mm, taas oo hagaajin karta adkaanta iyo adkaanta jeexitaanka ee walaxda isku-dhafan.

Waa maxay qaybaha codsiga ee TPU?

Sannadkii 1958, Shirkadda Goodrich Chemical Company (oo hadda loo bixiyay Lubrizol) ayaa markii ugu horreysay diiwaangelisay astaanta TPU Estane. 40-kii sano ee la soo dhaafay, waxaa adduunka oo dhan ka jiray in ka badan 20 magac oo summad ah, nooc kastana wuxuu leeyahay dhowr taxane oo badeecooyin ah. Waqtigan xaadirka ah, soosaarayaasha ugu waaweyn ee TPU ee alaabta ceeriin ah ee adduunka waa: BASF, Covestro, Lubrizol, Huntsman Corporation, McKinsey, Golding, iwm.

Maadaama uu yahay elastomer aad u fiican, TPU waxay leedahay noocyo badan oo alaab ah oo hoos yimaada, kuwaas oo si weyn loogu isticmaalo baahiyaha maalinlaha ah, alaabada ciyaaraha, alaabta carruurtu ku ciyaarto, agabka qurxinta, iyo meelaha kale. Hoos waxaa ku qoran dhowr tusaale.

① Qalabka kabaha

TPU waxaa inta badan loo isticmaalaa agabka kabaha sababtoo ah dabacsanaanteeda aadka u fiican iyo iska caabinta xirashada. Alaabooyinka kabaha ee ay ku jiraan TPU aad bay uga raaxo badan yihiin in la xidho marka loo eego alaabta kabaha caadiga ah, sidaa darteed si weyn ayaa loogu isticmaalaa alaabada kabaha ee heerka sare ah, gaar ahaan qaar ka mid ah kabaha isboortiga iyo kabaha caadiga ah.

② Tuubooyinka

Sababtoo ah jilicsanaanteeda, xooggeeda jilicsan ee wanaagsan, xoogga saameynta, iyo iska caabbinta heerkulka sare iyo kan hoose, tuubooyinka TPU waxaa si weyn loogu isticmaalaa Shiinaha sida tuubooyinka gaaska iyo saliidda ee qalabka farsamada sida diyaaradaha, taangiyada, baabuurta, mootooyinka, iyo qalabka mashiinka.

③ Fiilo

TPU waxay bixisaa iska caabbinta ilmada, iska caabbinta xirashada, iyo sifooyinka laablaabashada, iyadoo iska caabbinta heerkulka sare iyo kan hoose ay tahay furaha waxqabadka fiilada. Markaa suuqa Shiinaha, fiilooyinka horumarsan sida fiilooyinka xakamaynta iyo fiilooyinka korontada waxay isticmaalaan TPU si ay u ilaaliyaan agabka dahaarka ee naqshadaha fiilooyinka adag, codsigooduna wuxuu noqonayaa mid sii kordhaya oo baahsan.

④ Qalabka caafimaadka

TPU waa walax beddel u ah PVC oo ammaan ah, deggan oo tayo sare leh, oo aan ku jirin Phthalate iyo walxo kale oo kiimiko ah oo waxyeello u leh, waxayna u guuri doontaa dhiigga ama dareere kale oo ku jira kateetarka caafimaadka ama bacda caafimaadka si ay u keento waxyeellooyin. Intaa waxaa dheer, heerka si gaar ah loo sameeyay ee dheeraadka ah iyo heerka duritaanka TPU si fudud ayaa loo isticmaali karaa iyadoo wax yar laga beddelayo qalabka PVC ee jira.

⑤ Gawaarida iyo hababka kale ee gaadiidka

Iyada oo la soo saarayo oo lagu dahaadho labada dhinac ee dharka nayloonka ah elastomer-ka thermoplastic-ka ah, rafyada weerarka dagaalka ee la buufin karo iyo rafyada sahanka ee siday 3-15 qof ayaa la samayn karaa, iyadoo leh waxqabad aad uga wanaagsan rafyada caagga ah ee la buufin karo ee aan la buufin karin; elastomer-ka thermoplastic-ka ah ee Polyurethane oo lagu xoojiyay fiber galaas ah ayaa loo isticmaali karaa in lagu sameeyo qaybaha jirka sida qaybaha la qaabeeyey ee labada dhinac ee gaariga laftiisa, maqaarka albaabka, bampers-ka, xargaha ka hortagga is-khilaafka, iyo shabagyada.