Waa maxay Thermoplastic elastomer polyurethane?

Waa maxay Thermoplastic elastomer polyurethane?

Polyurethane elastomer waa noocyo kala duwan oo ah poliurethane elastomer ah (noocyo kale waxay tixraacaan xumbo poliurethane, xabagta poliurethane, daboolka poliurethane iyo fiber polyurethane), iyo elastomer poliurethane Thermoplastic waa mid ka mid ah saddexda nooc ee elastomer polyurethane, Dadku waxay caadi ahaan u tixraacaan TPU Labada nooc ee kale ee ugu waaweyn ee elastomers-ka polyurethane waxaa lagu shubaa elastomer polyurethane, oo loo soo gaabiyo CPU, iyo elastomer polyurethane isku dhafan, oo loo soo gaabiyo MPU).

TPU waa nooc ka mid ah elastomer polyurethane kaas oo lagu balaastiri karo kuleyliyaha laguna kala diri karo dareere. Marka la barbar dhigo CPU iyo MPU, TPU waxay leedahay wax yar ama malaha isku xidhka kiimikaad ee qaab dhismeedka kiimikada. Silsiladdeeda molecular asal ahaan waa toosan, laakiin waxa jira xaddi go'an oo isku xidhid jidheed ah. Kani waa elastomer-ka Thermoplastic polyurethane kaas oo aad ugu sifooba qaab-dhismeedka.

Qaab dhismeedka iyo kala soocidda TPU

Thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer waa (AB) polymer linear block ah. A waxay ka dhigan tahay polyol polymer ah (ester ama polyeter, miisaanka molecular ee 1000 ~ 6000) oo leh miisaan sare oo kelli ah, oo loo yaqaan silsilad dheer; B waxay ka dhigan tahay diol ka kooban 2-12 atamka kaarboon silsilad toosan, oo loo yaqaan silsilad gaaban.

Qaab dhismeedka Thermoplastic elastomer polyurethane, qaybta A waxaa loo yaqaannaa qaybta jilicsan, taas oo leh sifooyinka dabacsanaanta iyo jilicsanaanta, samaynta TPU waxay leedahay awood; Silsiladda urethane ee ay dhaliso falcelinta u dhaxaysa qaybta B iyo isocyanate waxaa loo yaqaannaa qayb adag, taas oo leh sifooyin adag iyo kuwo adag labadaba. Iyada oo la hagaajinayo saamiga A iyo B, alaabada TPU ee leh sifooyin jireed iyo farsamo oo kala duwan ayaa la sameeyaa.

Marka loo eego qaab dhismeedka qaybta jilicsan, waxaa loo qaybin karaa nooca polyester-ka, nooca polyether-ka, iyo nooca butadiene, kuwaas oo ay ku jiraan kooxda ester, kooxda ether, ama kooxda butene. Marka loo eego qaab-dhismeedka qaybta adag, waxa loo qaybin karaa nooca urethane iyo nooca urethane, kuwaas oo siday u kala horreeyaan laga helay fidiyeyaasha silsiladda ethylene glycol ama silsiladaha diamine. Kala soocidda guud waxay u qaybsan tahay nooca polyester-ka iyo nooca polyeter-ka.

Maxay yihiin alaabta ceeriin ee isku-dhafka TPU?

(1) Polymer Diol

Diol makromolecular oo leh miisaan kelli ah oo u dhexeeya 500 ilaa 4000 iyo kooxaha laba-geesoodka ah, oo ka kooban 50% ilaa 80% TPU elastomer, ayaa door muhiim ah ka ciyaara sifooyinka jirka iyo kiimikaad ee TPU.

Polyester Diol ee ku habboon elastomer TPU waxaa loo qaybin karaa polyester iyo polyeter: polyester waxaa ku jira polytetramethylene Adipic acid glycol (PBA) ε PCL, PHC; Polyethers waxaa ka mid ah polyoxypropylene ether glycol (PPG), tetrahydrofuran polyether glycol (PTMG), iwm.

(2) Diisocyanate

Miisaanka kelliyadu waa yar yahay laakiin shaqadu waa mid aad u fiican, taas oo aan kaliya ka ciyaarin doorka isku xirka qaybta jilicsan iyo qaybta adag, laakiin sidoo kale waxay ku siinaysaa TPU waxyaabo kala duwan oo wanaagsan oo jireed iyo farsamo. Diisocyanates-yada lagu dabaqi karo TPU waa: Methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI), methylene bis (-4-cyclohexyl isocyanate) (HMDI), p-phenyldiisocyanate (PPDI), 1,5-naphthalene diisocyanate (NDI), p-phenyldimethyldiisocyanate PXDI), iwm.

(3) Silsilad fidiyaha

Silsiladda silsiladda leh oo miisaankeedu yahay 100 ~ 350, oo ka tirsan Diol molecular yar, miisaan yar oo kelli ah, qaab-dhismeedka silsiladda furan iyo ma jirto koox beddel ah oo ku habboon helitaanka adagaanta sare iyo miisaanka sare ee TPU. Fidiyeyaasha silsiladda ah ee ku habboon TPU waxaa ka mid ah 1,4-butanediol (BDO), 1,4-bis (2-hydroxyethoxy) benzene (HQEE), 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol (CHDM), p-phenyldimethylglycol (PXG), iwm.

Codsiga wax ka beddelka ee TPU sida wakiilka adag

Si loo dhimo qiimaha alaabta loona helo waxqabad dheeraad ah, elastomers-ka poliurethane waxaa loo isticmaali karaa sida caadiga ah wakiilada adag ee loo isticmaalo in lagu adkeeyo heerkulbeegyada kala duwan iyo alaabta caag la bedelay.

Sababo la xiriira polarity sare, polyurethane waxay la jaan qaadi kartaa resins polar ama caag, sida chlorinated polyetylen (CPE), kaas oo loo isticmaali karo in lagu sameeyo alaabta caafimaadka; Isku-darka ABS waxay bedeli kartaa thermoplastics injineernimada isticmaalka; Marka lagu daro polycarbonate (PC), waxay leedahay sifooyin ay ka mid yihiin caabbinta saliidda, caabbinta shidaalka, iyo caabbinta saameynta, waxaana loo isticmaali karaa in lagu sameeyo meydka baabuurta; Marka lagu daro polyester-ka, adkaantiisa waa la hagaajin karaa; Intaa waxaa dheer, waxay si fiican ula socon kartaa PVC, Polyoxymethylene ama PVDC; Polyester polyurethane wuxuu si fiican ula socon karaa 15% caag Nitrile ah ama 40% caag nitrile ah / isku dhafka PVC; Polyether polyurethane sidoo kale waxay si fiican ula socon kartaa 40% caag nitrile ah / koollada isku dhafka ah ee polyvinyl; Waxa kale oo ay la jaan qaadi kartaa acrylonitrile styrene (SAN) copolymers; Waxa ay samayn kartaa qaab-dhismeedyo isku xidhan (IPN) oo leh polysiloxanes fal-celin ah. Inta badan xabagyada isku dhafan ee kor lagu soo sheegay ayaa durba si rasmi ah loo soo saaray.

Sanadihii la soo dhaafay, waxaa jiray cilmi-baaris sii kordheysa oo ku saabsan xoojinta POM ee TPU ee Shiinaha. Isku darka TPU iyo POM ma aha oo kaliya inay hagaajiyaan iska caabbinta heerkulka sare iyo sifooyinka farsamada ee TPU, laakiin sidoo kale waxay si weyn u adkeyneysaa POM. Cilmi-baarayaasha qaarkood waxay muujiyeen in tijaabooyinka jajabka jilicsan, marka la barbardhigo POM matrix, POM alloy ee TPU ayaa ka soo wareegtay jabka jaban ilaa jabka dillaaca. Ku darida TPU waxay sidoo kale ku siinaysaa POM waxqabadka xusuusta qaabka. Gobolka crystalline ee POM wuxuu u adeegaa sida marxaladda go'an ee qaabka xusuusta qaabka, halka gobolka amorphous ee TPU iyo POM ay u adeegto marxaladda dib loo rogi karo. Marka heerkulka jawaabta soo kabashada uu yahay 165 ℃ iyo wakhtiga soo kabashada waa 120 ilbiriqsi, heerka soo kabashada ee daawaha wuxuu gaaraa in ka badan 95%, saameynta soo kabashada ayaa ah tan ugu fiican.

TPU way adagtahay in ay la jaanqaadaan walxaha polymer-ka ah sida polyetylen, polypropylene, caag Ethylene propylene, caag butadiene, caag isoprene ama budada caagga ah, loomana isticmaali karo in lagu soo saaro isku-dhafan leh waxqabad wanaagsan. Sidaa darteed, hababka daawaynta dusha sare sida balasmaha, corona, chemistry qoyan, primer, olol ama gaaska falcelinta ayaa inta badan loo isticmaalaa kan dambe. Tusaale ahaan, Shirkadda Alaabada Hawada iyo Kiimikada ee Maraykanku waxay samaysay F2/O2 daawaynta dusha sare ee gaaska firfircoon ee culeyska molecular ultra-high molecular polyethylene fine budo miisaankeedu yahay 3-5 milyan, waxayna ku dartay elastomer polyurethane marka loo eego 10 %, kaas oo si weyn u wanaajin kara moduleskiisa Flexural, xoog adkaysi iyo xidhashada caabbinta. Iyo F2/O2 daawaynta gaaska firfircoon ayaa sidoo kale lagu dabaqi karaa fiilooyinka gaaban ee jihada dheer ee dhererkoodu yahay 6-35mm, taas oo hagaajin karta adkaanta iyo jeexjeexyada walxaha isku dhafan.

Waa maxay meelaha laga codsado TPU?

Sannadkii 1958-kii, Shirkadda Kiimikada ee Goodrich (oo hadda loo beddelay Lubrizol) ayaa markii ugu horreysay diiwaangelisay astaanta TPU ee Estane. In ka badan 40 sano ee la soo dhaafay, waxaa jiray in ka badan 20 magacyo adduunka oo dhan, iyo calaamad kasta waxay leedahay dhowr taxane oo badeecooyin ah. Waqtigan xaadirka ah, soo saarayaasha ugu weyn ee TPU alaabta ceeriin ee adduunka waa: BASF, Covestro, Lubrizol, Huntsman Corporation, McKinsey, Golding, iwm.

Sida elastomer aad u fiican, TPU waxay leedahay noocyo kala duwan oo alaabooyin hoose ah, kuwaas oo si weyn loogu isticmaalo baahiyaha maalinlaha ah, alaabta ciyaaraha, alaabta lagu ciyaaro, alaabta qurxinta, iyo beeraha kale. Hoos waxaa ah dhowr tusaale.

① Qalabka kabaha

TPU waxaa inta badan loo isticmaalaa alaabta kabaha sababtoo ah barti aad u fiican iyo xirashada caabbinta. Alaabooyinka kabaha ee ay ku jiraan TPU ayaa aad uga raaxo badan in la xidho marka loo eego alaabta kabaha caadiga ah, sidaas darteed waxaa si aad ah loogu isticmaalaa alaabta kabaha sare, gaar ahaan kabaha ciyaaraha qaarkood iyo kabaha caadiga ah.

② Tuubooyinka

Iyadoo ay ugu wacan tahay jilicsanaanteeda, xoogga jilicsanaanta wanaagsan, xoogga saameynta, iyo iska caabinta heerkulka sare iyo hooseeya, tuubooyinka TPU ayaa si weyn looga isticmaalaa Shiinaha sida gaaska iyo tuubooyinka saliidda ee qalabka farsamada sida diyaaradaha, taangiyada, baabuurta, mootooyinka, iyo qalabka mashiinka.

③ Cable

TPU waxay bixisaa iska caabbinta jeexjeexyada, xirashada caabbinta, iyo sifooyinka foorarsiga, oo leh iska caabin heerkul sarreeya iyo mid hooseeya oo fure u ah waxqabadka fiilada. Sidaa darteed suuqa Shiinaha, fiilooyinka horumarsan sida fiilooyinka kontoroolka iyo fiilooyinka korantada waxay isticmaalaan TPU-yada si ay u ilaaliyaan alaabta daboolka ah ee naqshadaha fiilooyinka adag, iyo codsiyadooda ayaa sii kordhaya.

④ Qalabka caafimaadka

TPU waa shay beddesho PVC oo ammaan ah, deggan oo tayo sare leh, kaas oo aan ku jiri doonin Phthalate iyo walxo kale oo kiimiko ah, oo u haajiri doona dhiigga ama dareeraha kale ee tuubada caafimaadka ama bacda caafimaadka si ay u keento waxyeellooyin. Waxaa intaa dheer, darajada extrusion-ka ee si gaar ah loo horumariyay iyo darajada duritaanka TPU si fudud ayaa loo isticmaali karaa wax yar oo lagu saxayo qalabka PVC ee jira.

⑤ Baabuurta iyo hababka kale ee gaadiidka

Iyada oo la saarayo oo lagu dahaadhay labada dhinac ee dharka naylon leh elastomer poliurethane, raafka weerarka ee la buufiyo iyo raafka sahanka ah ee qaadaya 3-15 qof ayaa la samayn karaa, iyada oo wax qabad aad uga fiican marka loo eego caag fidsan oo la buufiyo; elastomer Polyurethane thermoplastic oo lagu xoojiyay fiber galaas ayaa loo isticmaali karaa in laga sameeyo qaybaha jidhka sida qaybo ka samaysan labada dhinac ee baabuurka laftiisa, haragga albaabka, bambarrada, xariijimaha iska-horimaadka, iyo firileyda.