Waxa loogu yeeropolyurethanewaa soo gaabinta polyurethane, kaas oo ay sameeyaan falgalka polyisocyanates iyo polyols, wuxuuna ka kooban yahay kooxo badan oo amino ester ah oo soo noqnoqda (- NH-CO-O -) oo ku yaal silsiladda molecular. Resins-ka polyurethane ee dhabta ah ee la sameeyay, marka lagu daro kooxda amino ester, waxaa sidoo kale jira kooxo sida urea iyo biuret. Polyols waxay ka tirsan yihiin molecules silsilad dheer leh oo leh kooxo hydroxyl ah dhammaadka, kuwaas oo loo yaqaan "qaybaha silsiladda jilicsan", halka polyisocyanates loo yaqaan "qaybaha silsiladda adag".
Ka mid ah resin-ka polyurethane-ka ee ay soo saaraan qaybaha silsiladda jilicsan iyo kuwa adag, boqolkiiba yar ayaa ah esters-ka amino acid-ka, sidaa darteed waxaa laga yaabaa inaysan ku habboonayn in loogu yeero polyurethane. Macnaha guud, polyurethane waa wax lagu daro isocyanate.
Noocyada kala duwan ee isocyanates waxay la falgalaan iskudhisyada polyhydroxy si ay u soo saaraan qaabab kala duwan oo polyurethane ah, taasoo ka dhigaysa inay helaan walxo polymer ah oo leh sifooyin kala duwan, sida balaastikada, caagga, dahaarka, fiilooyinka, dhejisyada, iwm.
Kaarboorka Polyurethane wuxuu ka tirsan yahay nooc gaar ah oo caag ah, kaas oo lagu sameeyo fal-celinta polyether ama polyester iyadoo la adeegsanayo isocyanate. Waxaa jira noocyo badan oo ay ugu wacan tahay noocyada kala duwan ee walxaha ceeriin, xaaladaha fal-celinta, iyo hababka isku-xidhka. Marka laga eego dhinaca qaab-dhismeedka kiimikada, waxaa jira noocyo polyester iyo polyether ah, marka laga eego dhinaca habka wax-soo-saarka, waxaa jira saddex nooc: nooca isku-darka, nooca shubka, iyo nooca thermoplastic.
Kaarboorka polyurethane-ka ee la sameeyay waxaa guud ahaan lagu sameeyaa iyadoo la isticmaalayo polyester toosan ama polyether oo leh diisocyanate si loo sameeyo prepolymer miisaankiisu hooseeyo, kaas oo markaa lagu sameeyo falgal fidin silsilad ah si loo soo saaro polymer miisaankiisu sareeyo. Kadib, wakiilada isku xidhka ee ku habboon ayaa lagu daraa oo la kululeeyaa si loo daaweeyo, iyagoo noqonaya caag vulcanized ah. Habkan waxaa loo yaqaan prepolymerization ama habka laba-tallaabo.
Waxa kale oo suurtogal ah in la isticmaalo hab hal-tallaabo ah - si toos ah loogu qaso polyester toosan ama polyether leh diisocyanates, fidiyeyaasha silsiladda, iyo wakiilada isku xidha si loo bilaabo falgal loona soo saaro caag polyurethane ah.
Qaybta A ee ku jirta molecules-ka TPU waxay ka dhigaysaa silsiladaha macromolecular-ka mid fudud in la rogo, taasoo siinaysa caagga polyurethane dabacsanaan wanaagsan, yaraynaysa barta jilicsanaanta iyo barta kala-guurka labaad ee polymer-ka, waxayna yaraynaysaa adkaanteeda iyo xooggeeda farsamada. Qaybta B waxay xidhi doontaa wareegga silsiladaha macromolecular-ka, taasoo keenaysa in barta jilicsanaanta iyo barta kala-guurka labaad ee polymer-ka ay korodho, taasoo keenta koror ku yimaada adkaanta iyo xoogga farsamada, iyo hoos u dhaca dabacsanaanta. Iyadoo la hagaajinayo saamiga molar-ka ee u dhexeeya A iyo B, TPU-yada leh sifooyin farsamo oo kala duwan ayaa la soo saari karaa. Qaab-dhismeedka isku-xidhka ee TPU waa inaysan tixgelin oo keliya isku-xidhka koowaad, laakiin sidoo kale isku-xidhka labaad ee ay sameeyeen isku-xidhka hydrogen-ka ee u dhexeeya molecules-ka. Xidhiidhka isku-xidhka koowaad ee polyurethane wuu ka duwan yahay qaab-dhismeedka vulcanization ee caagga hydroxyl. Kooxdeeda amino ester, kooxda biuret, kooxda urea formate iyo kooxaha kale ee shaqeynaya waxaa loo habeeyay qayb silsilad adag oo joogto ah oo kala fog, taasoo keentay qaab-dhismeed shabakadeed oo joogto ah oo caag ah, kaas oo leh iska caabin xirasho oo aad u fiican iyo sifooyin kale oo aad u fiican. Marka labaad, sababtoo ah joogitaanka kooxo badan oo shaqo oo aad isugu xiran sida urea ama kooxaha carbamate ee ku jira caagga polyurethane, xidhmooyinka haydarojiin ee ka dhex samaysma silsiladaha molecular-ka ayaa leh xoog sare, xidhmooyinka isku xidhka labaad ee isku xidhka ee ay sameeyeen xidhmooyinka haydarojiin ayaa sidoo kale saameyn weyn ku leh sifooyinka caagga polyurethane. Isku xidhka labaad wuxuu u suurtogeliyaa caagga polyurethane inuu yeesho astaamaha elastomer-ka thermosetting hal dhinac, dhinaca kalena, isku xidhkan isku xidhka ah runtii isku xidhka ma aha mid isku xidhka ah, taasoo ka dhigaysa isku xidhka dalwaddeed. Xaaladda isku xidhka isku xidhka waxay ku xidhan tahay heerkulka. Marka heerkulku kordho, isku xidhkan isku xidhka ah ayaa si tartiib tartiib ah u daciifa oo baaba'a. Polymer-ku wuxuu leeyahay dareere gaar ah waxaana lagu samayn karaa habka thermoplastic-ka. Marka heerkulku hoos u dhaco, isku xidhkan isku xidhka ah ayaa si tartiib tartiib ah u soo kabanaya oo dib u samaysanaya. Ku darista xaddi yar oo buuxin ah waxay kordhisaa masaafada u dhaxaysa molecules-ka, waxay wiiqaysaa awoodda lagu sameeyo xidhmooyinka haydarojiin ee u dhexeeya molecules-ka, waxayna horseeddaa hoos u dhac xoog leh. Cilmi-baaristu waxay muujisay in nidaamka xasilloonida kooxaha kala duwan ee shaqada ee caagga polyurethane laga bilaabo sare ilaa hoose uu yahay: ester, ether, urea, carbamate, iyo biuret. Inta lagu jiro habka gabowga ee caagga polyurethane, tallaabada ugu horreysa waa jebinta isku xidhka isku xidhka ee u dhexeeya biuret iyo urea, ka dibna jebinta isku xidhka carbamate iyo urea, taas oo ah, jebinta silsiladda ugu weyn.
01 Jilicsanaanta
Elastomers-ka Polyurethane, sida walxo badan oo polymer ah, waxay jilciyaan heerkul sare waxayna ka gudbaan xaalad dabacsanaan ah una gudbaan xaalad socod gariir leh, taasoo keenta hoos u dhac degdeg ah oo ku yimaada xoogga farsamada. Marka laga eego dhinaca kiimikada, heerkulka jilicsanaanta ee dabacsanaanta waxay inta badan ku xiran tahay arrimo ay ka mid yihiin halabuurka kiimikada, miisaanka molecular-ka ee qaraabada ah, iyo cufnaanta isku xidhka.
Guud ahaan, kordhinta miisaanka molecular-ka ee qaraabada ah, kordhinta adkaanta qaybta adag (sida soo gelinta giraanta benzene molecule-ka) iyo waxa ku jira qaybta adag, iyo kordhinta cufnaanta isku xidhka ayaa dhammaantood faa'iido u leh kordhinta heerkulka jilicsanaanta. Elastomers-ka thermoplastic-ka ah, qaab-dhismeedka molecular-ku wuxuu inta badan yahay mid toosan, heerkulka jilicsanaanta ee elastomer-kuna sidoo kale wuu kordhaa marka miisaanka molecular-ka ee qaraabada ah la kordhiyo.
Elastomers-ka polyurethane ee isku xidha, cufnaanta isku xidhka ayaa saameyn weyn ku leh miisaanka molecular-ka ee qaraabada ah. Sidaa darteed, marka la soo saarayo elastomers-ka, kordhinta shaqeynta isocyanates ama polyols waxay samayn kartaa qaab-dhismeed isku xidhka kiimikada ee isku xidhka kulaylka ee qaar ka mid ah molecules-ka dabacsan, ama isticmaalka saamiga isocyanate ee xad-dhaafka ah si loo sameeyo qaab-dhismeed isku xidhka isocyanate ee deggan ee jirka dabacsan waa hab awood badan oo lagu hagaajinayo iska caabbinta kulaylka, iska caabbinta dareeraha, iyo xoogga farsamada ee elastomer-ka.
Marka PPDI (p-phenyldiisocyanate) loo isticmaalo sidii walxaha ceeriin ah, sababtoo ah isku xirka tooska ah ee laba kooxood oo isocyanate ah iyo giraanta benzene, qaybta adag ee la sameeyay waxay leedahay tiro badan oo giraanta benzene ah, taas oo hagaajinaysa adkaanta qaybta adag sidaas darteedna kor u qaadaysa iska caabbinta kulaylka ee elastomer-ka.
Marka laga eego dhinaca jirka, heerkulka jilcinta ee elastomers-ka waxay ku xiran tahay heerka kala-soocidda microphase-ka. Sida laga soo xigtay warbixinnada, heerkulka jilcinta ee elastomers-ka aan marin kala-soocidda microphase-ka aad ayuu u hooseeyaa, iyadoo heerkulka farsamaynta uu yahay qiyaastii 70 ℃ oo keliya, halka elastomers-ka mara kala-soocidda microphase-ka uu gaari karo 130-150 ℃. Sidaa darteed, kordhinta heerka kala-soocidda microphase-ka ee elastomers-ka waa mid ka mid ah hababka wax ku oolka ah ee lagu hagaajinayo iska caabbinta kulaylka.
Heerka kala-soocidda microphase-ka ee elastomers-ka waxaa lagu hagaajin karaa iyadoo la beddelayo qaybinta miisaanka molecular-ka ee qaybaha silsiladda iyo nuxurka qaybaha silsiladda adag, taasoo kor u qaadaysa iska caabbinta kulaylka. Cilmi-baarayaasha badankood waxay aaminsan yihiin in sababta kala-soocidda microphase-ka ee polyurethane ay tahay is-waafajinta thermodynamic ee u dhaxaysa qaybaha jilicsan iyo kuwa adag. Nooca fidiyaha silsiladda, qaybta adag iyo waxa ku jira, nooca qaybaha jilicsan, iyo isku xidhka hydrogen-ka dhammaantood waxay leeyihiin saameyn weyn.
Marka la barbardhigo fidiyeyaasha silsiladda diol, fidiyeyaasha silsiladda diamine sida MOCA (3,3-dichloro-4,4-diaminodiphenylmethane) iyo DCB (3,3-dichloro-biphenylenediamine) waxay sameeyaan kooxo amino ester oo polar ah oo badan oo ku jira elastomers, xidhmooyin hydrogen badan ayaa laga samayn karaa qaybaha adag, taasoo kordhinaysa isdhexgalka qaybaha adag iyo hagaajinta heerka kala soocidda microphase ee elastomers; Fidiyeyaasha silsiladda udgoon ee isku midka ah sida p, p-dihydroquinone, iyo hydroquinone waxay faa'iido u leeyihiin caadiyeynta iyo xidhitaanka adag ee qaybaha adag, sidaas darteedna waxay hagaajinayaan kala soocidda microphase ee alaabada.
Qaybaha amino ester-ka ee ay sameeyeen isocyanates-ka aliphatic waxay leeyihiin iswaafajin wanaagsan oo ay la leeyihiin qaybaha jilicsan, taasoo keenta in qaybo adag oo badan ay ku milmaan qaybaha jilicsan, taasoo yaraynaysa heerka kala-soocidda microphase-ka. Qaybaha amino ester-ka ee ay sameeyeen isocyanates-ka aromatic-ka waxay leeyihiin iswaafajin liidata oo ay la leeyihiin qaybaha jilicsan, halka heerka kala-soocidda microphase-ka uu ka sarreeyo. Polyolefin polyurethane waxay leedahay qaab-dhismeed kala-soocid microphase ah oo ku dhowaad dhammaystiran sababtoo ah qaybta jilicsan ma samayso xidhmooyinka hydrogen-ka iyo xidhmooyinka hydrogen-ka waxay ku dhici karaan oo keliya qaybta adag.
Saamaynta isku xidhka haydarojiinku ku leeyahay barta jilicsan ee elastomers-ka ayaa sidoo kale muhiim ah. Inkasta oo polyethers iyo carbonyls-ka qaybta jilicsan ay samayn karaan tiro badan oo xidhmooyin haydarojiin ah oo leh NH qaybta adag, waxay sidoo kale kordhisaa heerkulka jilicsan ee elastomers-ka. Waxaa la xaqiijiyay in xidhmooyinka haydarojiinku ay wali ku jiraan 40% heerkul ah 200 ℃.
02 Kala-baxa kulaylka
Kooxaha amino ester-ka waxay maraan kala-baxa soo socda heerkulka sare:
- RNHCOOR – RNC0 HO-R
- RNHCOOR – RNH2 CO2 ene
- RNHCOOR – RNHR CO2 ene
Waxaa jira saddex nooc oo ugu muhiimsan ee kala-baxa kulaylka ee walxaha ku salaysan polyurethane:
① Samaynta isocyanates iyo polyols-ka asalka ah;
② α— Xidhiidhka oksijiinta ee saldhigga CH2 wuu jabaa oo wuxuu isku daraa hal xidhmo haydarojiin ah oo ku yaal CH2-ka labaad si loo sameeyo amino acids iyo alkenes. Amino acids waxay u kala baxaan hal amine oo aasaasi ah iyo carbon dioxide:
③ Nooca 1aad ee amiinka labaad iyo kaarboon laba ogsaydh.
Kala-baxa kulaylka ee qaab-dhismeedka karbomate:
Aryl NHCO Aryl, ~120 ℃;
N-alkyl-NHCO-aryl,~180 ℃;
Aryl NHCO n-alkyl,~200 ℃;
N-alkyl-NHCO-n-alkyl, ~250 ℃.
Xasilloonida kulaylka ee esters-ka amino acid waxay la xiriirtaa noocyada walxaha bilowga ah sida isocyanates iyo polyols. Isocyanates-ka Aliphatic waxay ka sarreeyaan isocyanates-ka aromatic, halka alkolada dufanka leh ay ka sarreeyaan alkolada aromatic. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, suugaanta ayaa sheegaysa in heerkulka kala-go'idda kulaylka ee esters-ka amino acid-ka aliphatic uu u dhexeeyo 160-180 ℃, iyo esters-ka amino acid-ka aromatic uu u dhexeeyo 180-200 ℃, taas oo aan waafaqsanayn xogta kor ku xusan. Sababtu waxay la xiriiri kartaa habka tijaabada.
Xaqiiqdii, aliphatic CHDI (1,4-cyclohexane diisocyanate) iyo HDI (hexamethylene diisocyanate) waxay leeyihiin iska caabin kulayl oo ka wanaagsan MDI iyo TDI-ga udgoonka ee caadiga ah loo isticmaalo. Gaar ahaan trans CHDI oo leh qaab-dhismeed siman ayaa loo aqoonsaday inay yihiin isocyanate-ka ugu adkaysta kulaylka. Elastomers-ka Polyurethane ee laga diyaariyey waxay leeyihiin habayn wanaagsan, iska caabin hydrolysis oo aad u fiican, heerkul jilcis sare, heerkul kala-guur galaas oo hooseeya, hysteresis kuleyl oo hooseeya, iyo iska caabin UV oo sare.
Marka laga soo tago kooxda amino ester, polyurethane elastomers waxay sidoo kale leeyihiin kooxo kale oo shaqeynaya sida urea formate, biuret, urea, iwm. Kooxahani waxay mari karaan kala-goynta kulaylka heerkulka sare:
NHCONCOO – (qaabka urea-da aliphatic), 85-105 ℃;
- NHCONCOO – (urea udgoon), heerkulkiisuna yahay 1-120 ℃;
- NHCONCONH – (aliphatic biuret), heerkul u dhexeeya 10 ° C ilaa 110 ° C;
NHCONCONH – (biuret udgoon), 115-125 ℃;
NHCONH – (urea aliphatic), 140-180 ℃;
- NHCONH – (urea udgoon), 160-200 ℃;
Giraanta Isocyanurate> 270 ℃.
Heerkulka kala-baxa kulaylka ee qaab-dhismeedka ku salaysan biuret iyo urea aad ayuu uga hooseeyaa kan aminoformate iyo urea, halka isocyanurate uu leeyahay xasilloonida kulaylka ugu fiican. Soo saarista elastomers-ka, isocyanates xad-dhaafka ah ayaa si dheeraad ah ula falgeli kara aminoformate-ka la sameeyay iyo urea si ay u sameeyaan qaab-dhismeedyo isku xiran oo ku salaysan urea iyo biuret. Inkasta oo ay hagaajin karaan sifooyinka farsamada ee elastomers-ka, haddana aad bay u deggan yihiin in la kululeeyo.
Si loo yareeyo kooxaha aan degganayn kulaylka sida biuret iyo urea formate ee elastomers, waxaa lagama maarmaan ah in la tixgeliyo saamiga walxaha ceeriin iyo habka wax soo saarka. Saamiyada isocyanate ee xad dhaafka ah waa in la isticmaalaa, habab kalena waa in loo isticmaalaa intii suurtagal ah si marka hore loo sameeyo giraangiraha isocyanate ee qayb ka mid ah walxaha ceeriin ah (badanaa isocyanates, polyols, iyo fidiyeyaasha silsiladda), ka dibna loo soo bandhigo elastomer iyadoo loo eegayo hababka caadiga ah. Tani waxay noqotay habka ugu badan ee loo isticmaalo soo saarista elastomers polyurethane u adkaysta kulaylka iyo ololka u adkaysta.
03 Haydarooliga iyo oksaydheynta kuleylka
Elastomers-ka Polyurethane waxay u nugul yihiin burburka kulaylka ee qaybaha adag iyo isbeddellada kiimikada ee u dhigma qaybaha jilicsan heerkulka sare. Elastomers-ka Polyester-ka waxay leeyihiin iska caabin biyo oo liidata iyo u janjeera inay hydrolyze ku noqdaan heerkulka sare. Nolosha adeegga ee polyester/TDI/diamine waxay gaari kartaa 4-5 bilood heerkul ah 50 ℃, laba toddobaad oo keliya heerkul ah 70 ℃, iyo dhowr maalmood oo keliya oo ka sarreeya 100 ℃. Xidhmooyinka Ester-ku waxay u kala bixi karaan asiidhyo iyo alkohol u dhigma marka la kulmo biyaha kulul iyo uumiga, kooxaha urea iyo amino ester ee elastomers-kana waxay sidoo kale mari karaan falcelinta hydrolysis-ka:
RCOOR H20- → RCOOH HOR
Khamriga Ester
Hal RNHCONHR hal H20- → RXHCOOH H2NR -
Ureamide
Hal RNHCOOR-H20- → RNCOOH HOR -
Amino formate ester Amino formate alcohol
Elastomers-ka ku salaysan Polyether-ku waxay leeyihiin xasillooni oksaydh heerkul hooseeya, iyo elastomers-ka ku salaysan ether-ka α- Haydarojiin-ka ku jira atamka kaarboon-ka si fudud ayaa loo oksaydhiyaa, taasoo sameysa hydrogen peroxide. Ka dib marka la sii kala furfuro oo la kala gooyo, waxay soo saartaa oxides-ka iyo hydroxyl-ka xagjirka ah, kuwaas oo ugu dambeyntii isu beddela qaab ama aldehydes.
Polyester-yada kala duwan saameyn yar ayay ku leeyihiin iska caabbinta kulaylka ee elastomers-ka, halka polyether-yada kala duwan ay leeyihiin saameyn gaar ah. Marka la barbardhigo TDI-MOCA-PTMEG, TDI-MOCA-PTMEG waxay leedahay heer haynta xoogga oo ah 44% iyo 60% siday u kala horreeyaan marka ay da'doodu tahay 121 ℃ muddo 7 maalmood ah, iyadoo kan dambe uu si weyn uga fiican yahay kii hore. Sababtu waxay noqon kartaa in molecules-ka PPG ay leeyihiin silsilado laamo ah, kuwaas oo aan ku habboonayn habaynta caadiga ah ee molecules-ka laastikada ah oo yareeya iska caabbinta kulaylka ee jirka laastikada ah. Nidaamka xasilloonida kulaylka ee polyether-yada waa: PTMEG>PEG>PPG.
Kooxaha kale ee shaqeeya ee ku jira polyurethane elastomers, sida urea iyo carbamate, ayaa sidoo kale mara falgallada oksaydhka iyo hydrolysis-ka. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, kooxda ether ayaa ah tan ugu fudud ee oksaydhka lagu oksaydheeyo, halka kooxda ester-ku ay tahay tan ugu fudud ee hydrolyze lagu oksaydheeyo. Kala horraynta iska caabbinta antioxidant-ka iyo hydrolysis-ka waa:
Dhaqdhaqaaqa ka-hortagga oksaydheynta: esters> urea> carbamate> ether;
Iska caabbinta Haydroolka: ester
Si loo hagaajiyo iska caabbinta oksaydhka ee polyether polyurethane iyo iska caabbinta hydrolysis ee polyester polyurethane, waxaa sidoo kale lagu daraa waxyaabo lagu daro, sida ku darista 1% antioxidant phenolic Irganox1010 PTMEG polyether elastomer. Xoogga adkeysiga ee elastomer-kan waxaa lagu kordhin karaa 3-5 jeer marka loo eego iyada oo aan lahayn antioxidants (natiijooyinka baaritaanka ka dib marka la gaboobo 1500C muddo 168 saacadood ah). Laakiin antioxidant-ka kasta ma saameyn ku leeyahay polyurethane elastomers, kaliya phenolic 1rganox 1010 iyo TopanOl051 (antioxidant phenolic, xannibaadda iftiinka amine ee xanniban, isku-dhafka benzotriazole) ayaa leh saameyn muhiim ah, kan horena waa kan ugu fiican, malaha sababtoo ah antioxidants-ka phenolic waxay leeyihiin iswaafajin wanaagsan oo la leh elastomers. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, sababtoo ah doorka muhiimka ah ee kooxaha phenolic hydroxyl ee habka xasilinta ee antioxidants phenolic, si looga fogaado falcelinta iyo "guuldareysiga" kooxdan phenolic hydroxyl oo leh kooxaha isocyanate ee nidaamka, saamiga isocyanates iyo polyols waa inaysan aad u weynaan, waana in antioxidants lagu daraa prepolymers iyo fidiyeyaasha silsiladda. Haddii lagu daro inta lagu jiro soo saarista prepolymers, waxay si weyn u saameyn doontaa saameynta xasilinta.
Waxyaabaha lagu daro ee loo isticmaalo ka hortagga hydrolysis-ka polyester-ka ee polyester-ka ee polyurethane-ka ah ayaa inta badan ah isku-darka carbodiimide, kuwaas oo la falgala asiidhyada carboxylic ee ay soo saarto ester hydrolysis-ka ee ku jira molecules-ka polyurethane elastomer si ay u soo saaraan acyl urea derivatives, taasoo ka hortagaysa hydrolysis dheeraad ah. Ku darista carbodiimide jajab tiro ah oo u dhexeeya 2% ilaa 5% waxay kordhin kartaa xasilloonida biyaha ee polyurethane 2-4 jeer. Intaa waxaa dheer, tert butyl catechol, hexamethylenetetramine, azodicarbonamide, iwm. waxay sidoo kale leeyihiin saameyn liddi ku ah hydrolysis gaar ah.
04 Astaamaha waxqabadka ugu muhiimsan
Elastomers-ka Polyurethane waa copolymers caadi ah oo badan oo isku xiran, oo leh silsilado molecular ah oo ka kooban qaybo dabacsan oo leh heerkul galaas ah oo ka hooseeya heerkulka qolka iyo qaybo adag oo leh heerkul galaas ah oo ka sarreeya heerkulka qolka. Kuwaas waxaa ka mid ah, polyols-ka oligomeric waxay sameeyaan qaybo dabacsan, halka diisocyanates iyo fidiyeyaasha silsiladda molecule-ka yar ay sameeyaan qaybo adag. Qaab-dhismeedka ku dhex jira qaybaha silsiladda dabacsan iyo kuwa adag ayaa go'aamiya waxqabadkooda gaarka ah:
(1) Kala duwanaanshaha adag ee caagga caadiga ah guud ahaan wuxuu u dhexeeyaa Shaoer A20-A90, halka kala duwanaanshaha adag ee balaastikada uu yahay qiyaastii Shaoer A95 Shaoer D100. Elastomers-ka Polyurethane waxay gaari karaan heerka ugu hooseeya ee Shaoer A10 iyo heerka ugu sarreeya ee Shaoer D85, iyada oo aan loo baahnayn caawimo buuxin ah;
(2) Xoog sare iyo dabacsanaan ayaa wali lagu hayn karaa heer adag oo kala duwan;
(3) Iska caabin aad u fiican oo xirasho ah, 2-10 jeer ka badan caagga dabiiciga ah;
(4) Iska caabin aad u fiican oo ku wajahan biyaha, saliidda, iyo kiimikooyinka;
(5) Iska caabinta saameynta sare, iska caabinta daalka, iyo iska caabinta gariirka, oo ku habboon codsiyada laabashada soo noqnoqda badan;
(6) Iska caabin heer-kul hoose oo wanaagsan, oo leh jajab heerkulka hooseeya oo ka hooseeya -30 ℃ ama -70 ℃;
(7) Waxay leedahay waxqabad dahaadh oo aad u fiican, iyo iyadoo ay ugu wacan tahay dabacsanaanteeda kulaylka oo hooseysa, waxay leedahay saameyn dahaadh oo ka wanaagsan marka loo eego caagga iyo balaastikada;
(8) Waafaqsanaanta noolaha iyo sifooyinka xinjirowga dhiigga oo wanaagsan;
(9) Dahaarka korontada oo aad u fiican, iska caabbinta caaryada, iyo xasilloonida UV.
Elastomers-ka Polyurethane waxaa lagu samayn karaa iyadoo la adeegsanayo isla hababka sida caagga caadiga ah, sida balaastikada, isku darka, iyo vulcanization. Waxa kale oo lagu qaabayn karaa qaab caag dareere ah iyadoo la shubayo, qaabaynta centrifugal, ama buufinayo. Waxa kale oo laga samayn karaa walxo waaweyn waxaana lagu samayn karaa iyadoo la isticmaalayo duritaan, fidin, rogid, qaabayn afuufid, iyo habab kale. Sidan, ma aha oo kaliya inay hagaajiso hufnaanta shaqada, laakiin sidoo kale waxay hagaajinaysaa saxnaanta cabbirka iyo muuqaalka badeecada.
Waqtiga boostada: Diseembar-05-2023