Waxa loogu yeeropolyurethaneWaa soo gaabinta polyurethane, oo ay abuurtay falcelinta polarisocyayanyan iyo polnols, waxaana ku jira kooxo badan oo soo noqnoqda oo ah Aminol Aminol (- NH-IO-o -) silsiladda molinol. Dhanka kale ee polyurethane ee dhabta ah, ka sokow kooxda ennore ee aminore, waxaa sidoo kale jira kooxo sida urea iyo birelet. Polyols waxay ka tirsan yihiin molecules-ka-dheer ee silsiladaha ah ee leh kooxo hydroxyl dhamaadka, oo loo yaqaan "qaybo silsilado jilicsan", halka polyisocyaneyaasha waxaa loo yaqaan "qaybo silsilado adag".
Ka mid ah ress-ka polyurethane-ka oo ay ka mid yihiin qaybo jilicsan oo adag, oo keliya saami yar ayaa ah ehelor amino acid, sidaa darteed waxaa laga yaabaa inaysan ku habboonayn in loogu yeedho polyurethane. Dareen ballaaran, polyurethane waa wax lagu daro isocyanate.
Noocyo kala duwan oo isocyan ah ayaa ka falcelinaya xeryahooda polyhyrydroxydroxy si ay u soo saaraan qaab dhismeedyo kala duwan oo polyurethane, sida polyuryts-ka oo leh guryo kaladuwan, sida polyury-ka oo leh qalab dhiig-kul ah, sida cayayaanka, xargaha, xargaha, iwm. Polyurethane
Faylka polyurethane waxay ka tirsan tahay nooc caag ah oo caag ah, oo lagu sameeyo dib-u-soo-celinta polynethertherthert ama polyester oo ay weheliso isocyanate. Waxaa jira noocyo badan oo noocyo kala duwan ah oo ay sabab u yihiin agabyada ceeriin, xaaladaha fal-celinta, iyo hababka iskutallaabta. Laga soo bilaabo qaab dhismeedka kiimikada Marka laga soo tago noocyada polysterester iyo polyetherthert, iyo ka-hortagga habka habka, waxaa jira seddex nooc: nooca lagu daro, nooca lagu daro, iyo nooca themoplastic.
Caagga polyanthetic polyanurethetic ayaa guud ahaan isku-daraya iyadoo ay ka falceliyaan linear polyester ama polyether-ka ah ee loo yaqaan 'disocyate' oo ay ku samayso miisaan dhaadheer oo molorymal ah, kaas oo markaa lagu soo rogay sicirka silsiladda xasaasiga ah si loo abuuro polyper mowjarka sare ee molical. Ka dib, wakiilo iskutallaab ku habboon ayaa lagu daray oo kululaynta si loo daweeyo, noqoshada caag ka xun. Qaabkan waxaa loo yaqaannaa habka loo adeegsado ama hab laba-tallaabo ah.
Waxaa kale oo suuragal ah in la isticmaalo hab hal-tallaabo ah - si toos ah loogu qaso linear polyester ama polyther to linether-ka disocyanites, iyo agaasimaha silsiladaha, iyo wakiilada isku-darka si loo bilaabo falcelinta oo ay abuuraan caag polyurethethether.
Qaybta a-julokules-ka TPU waxay ka dhigeysaa silsiladaha macromoleculaashka si sahlan si ay u wareegaan, kuna soo bandhigida faganta polyurethane, oo yareynaya barta jilicsanaanta iyo barta kumeelgaarka ah ee polymer, iyo yareynta awooda farsamada. Qaybta B-Qaybaha ayaa ku xiri doonta wareegga silsiladaha macrooyinka, taasoo keenaysa barta jilicsanaanta iyo barta isgaarsiinta ee polymer-ka si loo kordhiyo, taasoo ah kororka adkaanta iyo xoogga farsamada, iyo hoos udhaca suulka. Adigoo hagaajinaya saamiga marxaladaha u dhexeeya A iyo B, TPUs oo leh guryo farsamo oo kala duwan ayaa la soo saari karaa. Qaab-dhismeedka iskutallaabta isku xirka ee TPUgu waa inuusan tixgelin oo kaliya isku xirka koowaad ee iskutallaabta, laakiin sidoo kale isku xirka iskuxirka sare ee ay dejiso debaajiga hydrogen-ka ee u dhexeeya moleekules. Iskuxirka koowaad ee iskutallaabtii isku xirka ee Polyurethane waa ka duwan yahay qaab dhismeedka vulcalan-ka ee bustaha hydroxyl. Group Ester-ka ah ee Amino, Bedelka Group, urea Abuurka Group-ka iyo kooxaha kale ee waxqabadka ayaa lagu habeeyaa qaab dhismeedka adag ee adag, taasoo dhalisay in la dhaco caabbinta caabbinta, kaasoo aad u fiican caabbinta iyo guryaha kale ee aadka u fiican. Marka labaad, sababtuna tahay joogitaanka kooxo shaqo oo badan oo aad u sarreeya sida urea ama carbamate oo ku yaal caagga ah ee polyurethane-ka ah oo u dhexeeya silsiladaha molicular, oo ay saameyn weyn ku leedahay hydrogen dammaanadda hydrogen-ka ayaa sidoo kale saameyn weyn ku leh astaamaha polyanurethether-ka. Isku-xirka sare ee isku xirka sare waxay u sahlaysaa caagga polyurethane inay ku lahaato astaamaha cudurka loo yaqaan 'themostomates-ka' hal gacan ku qabso, iyo dhinaca iskutallaabta lagu xirayo, taasoo ka dhigeysa isku xirnaanta isku xirka. Xaaladda iskutallaabta iskutallaabta isku xirka waxay kuxirantahay heerkulka. Maaddaama heerkulku kordhayo, iskutallaabta-isku-xirista-si tartiib tartiib ah ayuu u daciifiyaa oo baaba'ay. Polymer-ka wuxuu leeyahay faro-qaadid gaar ah waxaana loo geysan karaa howl wadeetchlaasti. Markuu heerkulku yaraado, iskutallaabta-iskuxirka ayaa si tartiib tartiib ah dib ugu soo kabanaya oo dib u soo kabanaya. Ku darista qaddar yar oo buuxiye ah ayaa kordha masaafada u dhaxaysa moleekuleyaasha, waxay daciifisaa awoodda loo yaqaan 'hydrogen dammaanadda heydrogen-ka u dhexeeya moleekules, oo ay u horseedaan hoos u dhac af ah. Cilmi baaris ayaa muujisay in sida loo eego xasilloonida kooxaha firfircoon ee dadka Poranurethane ee fiilo hoose illaa hoose ay tahay: ether, ethamate, urea, carraate, iyo birereet, iyo birereet. Inta lagu gudajiro hanaanka gabowga ee caagga polyurethane, tillaabada koowaad waa jabinta debaajiyada isku xirka isku xirka ee u dhexeeya biraha iyo urea, oo ay ku xigto jabinta carbamate iyo urea bonds, taasi waa, silsiladda ugu weyn.
01 jilcinta
Dhaqaaleyaasha polyurethane, sida agabyo badan oo pommer ah, oo ay ku jilciyaan heerkulka sare iyo ka-guurka gobolka laastikada ah ee loo yaqaan 'Franstic', taasoo dhalisay hoos u dhac deg deg ah oo ku saabsan xoogga farsamada. Marka laga eego aragtida kiimikada, heerkulka jilicsanaanta ee bartictatty badiyaa waxay kuxirantahay qodobo ay ka mid yihiin halabuurkeeda kiimikada, miisaanka molikal ee qaraabada, iyo cufnaanta iskutallaabta.
Guud ahaan marka la hadlayo, kordhinta miisaanka molika ee qaraabada ah, kordhinta adkaynta qaybta adag (sida soo bandhigida giraanta bentene (ka kooban qeybta adag, dhammaan kordhinta cufnaanta isku-darka ayaa ah kordhinta heerkulka jilicsanaanta. Loogu talagalay tamar-takoorka themostoplastic-ka, qaab-dhismeedka molmoplastical waa mid toosan, iyo heerkulka jilicsanaanta ee elastomer sidoo kale wuu kordhayaa marka miisaanka molikal-ka ee qaraabada la kordhiyo.
Wixii loogu talagalay cudurka loo yaqaan 'polyurethane-ka isku-dhafka ah ee loo yaqaan' polyurethane ', cufnaanta iskutallaabta ayaa leh saameyn weyn marka loo eego culeyska molika ee qaraabada. Sidaa darteed, markii la soosaarayo tabar-dhimista isgoysyada ama polyols-ka ayaa sameyn kara qaab dhismeedka isku xidhka kiimikada ee isdasiriska ah si loo wanaajiyo iska caabinta kuleylka ah, iyo xakamaynta qalloocan ee iska caabbinta, iyo xoogga makaanikada ee loo yaqaan 'elastomer'.
Marka PPDI (P-PHENTYLISOCHATY) loo istcimaalo sida qalabka ceyriinka ah, sababtuna tahay xidhiidhka tooska ah ee laba kooxood oo isgoys ah, oo ay wanaajisay qawaaniinta Benzene, oo wanaajisa adkaanta geedka adag, taas oo wanaajisa adkeysiga kululaynta ee elastomer.
Marka laga eego aragtida jirka, heerkulka jilicsanaanta ee tabar-yarta waafaqsan waxay kuxirantahay heerka kala goynta makarafoonka. Sida ay sheegayaan wararka, heerkulka jilicsanaanta ee tabar-yarta ee aan la marin microfomation-ka oo aan aad u hooseeyo, heerkulka ka shaqeynta oo keliya 70 ℃, halka cudurka loo yaqaan 'makarafeedka' makarafoonka oo keliya uu soo gudbiyo 130-150 ℃. Sidaa darteed, kordhinta heerka kala goynta makarafoonka ee dadka elastomushiyaha ahi waa mid ka mid ah hababka wax ku oolka ah ee lagu horumarinayo iska caabintooda.
Heerka kala sooca makarafoonka ee loosoo bandhigi karo elastomers waa la wanaajin karaa iyadoo la beddelayo qaybinta miisaanka molikal-ka-qariixa ee qaraabada iyo qaybaha qaybaha silsiladaha adag, sidaasna loo xoojiyo iska caabintooda. Baarayaasha badankood waxay aaminsan yihiin in sababta kala tagga-makarafoonka ee polyurethane uu yahay mid aan ka badnayn heerka heerkulka heerkulka ah ee u dhexeeya qaybaha jilicsan iyo kuwa adag. Nooca silsilada ah ee silsiladda, qeybta adag iyo qaybtiisa, nooca qaybaha jilicsan, iyo isku-darka hydrogen-ka dhammaantood waxay saameyn weyn ku leeyihiin.
Marka la barbardhigo xasaasiyadaha xasaasiyeerka ah, xasaasiyadaha dheeman ee loo yaqaan 'MOCLloro-4,3-Dichloro-4,3-Dichloro-4,3-dichloro -methethethane) ayaa la abuuri karaa inta u dhexeysa qaybo badan oo ka dhexeeya qaybaha adag iyo hagaajinta heerka kala-goynta microfoofsase ee dadka wax-u-dhigga ah; Alaabada Arooska Aromac ee Aromatic sida P, P-DIHYDDroquinone, iyo hydroquinone waxay faa'iido u leedahay in la wado caadiyada caadiga ah iyo xirxiran adag ee qaybaha adag, taas oo markaa ka wanaajisa makarafoonka kala saaridda alaabada.
Qeybaha Ester ee Amino ee ay sameeyeen aliphatic Itocyan ayaa leh waafaqeyn wanaagsan oo leh qaybaha jilicsan, taasoo dhalisay qaybo badan oo adag oo lagu kala dirayo qaybaha jilicsan, yareynta heerka kala goynta microfophase. Qaybaha esters ester-ka ee amoino ee loo sameeyay isgoysyada udgoonku waxay leeyihiin is-waafajin liita oo leh qaybaha jilicsan, halka heerka kala-goynta microfopase uu ka sarreeyo. Polyoletma polyurethane waxay leedahay qaab-dhismeedka kala-goynta makarafoonka oo dhameystiran oo dhameystiran sababtuna tahay xaqiiqda ah in qeybta jilicsan aysan sameynin haynta hydrogen-ka iyo bond bonds waxay ku dhici kartaa oo keliya qeybta adag.
Saamaynta ku saabsan isku-darka Hydrogen ee ku saabsan barta jilcinta ee tabar-yarta ayaa sidoo kale muhiim ah. In kasta oo polothers iyo carbonyls qaybta jilicsan ay sameyn karaan tiro badan oo bogaadin hydrogen ah oo leh qeybta adag, waxay sidoo kale kordhisaa heerkulka jilicsanaanta ee tabar-yarta. Waxaa la xaqiijiyey in debaajiga hydrogen-ka wali uu sii haysto 40% 200 ℃.
02 Gogol-galka kuleylka
Kooxaha Ester-ka ee AMININOM waxay ku socotaa jahwareerka soo socda heerkulka sare:
- rnhcor - rnc0 ho-r
- rnhcor - rnh2 co2 ene
- rnhcor - rnhr co2 ene
Waxaa jira saddex nooc oo waaweyn oo ah jahwareerka kuleylka ee qalabka ku saleysan polyurethane:
Samaynta isocyarate asalka ah iyo Pololols;
Α-- Depen depen depen depens-ka ah ee ku yaal jabka CH2-ka oo wuxuu ku daraa hal debaaji oo ah hydrogen dereed oo ku yaal Ch2-ka labaad si uu u sameeyo amino acids iyo alkenes. Acids aminopor-ka waxay u geysataa hal amine amine iyo kaarboon dioxide:
③ FOOM 1 SAFE 1 SANADENE iyo kaarboon dioxide.
Gogosha kuleylka qaab dhismeedka carbamate:
Arlyl nhco arll, ~ 120 ℃;
N-alkyl-nhco-arll, ~ 180 ℃;
Arlyl nhco n-alkyl, ~ 200 ℃;
N-alkyl-nhco-n-alkyl, ~ 250 ℃.
Xasiloonida kuleylka ah ee nidaamka amino acid amino acid wuxuu la xiriiraa noocyada lagu bilaabi karo agabyada ashyaa'da sida ISOCYANATE iyo Polyols. Aliphatic Idocyanites-ka ayaa ka sarreeya noocyada udgoonku, halka aalkolo dufan leh ay ka sarreeyaan aalkolada udgoonka ah. Si kastaba ha noqotee, suugaanta ayaa soo sheegeysa in heerkulka jahwareerka kuleylka ah ee heerkulka alifacatic amino alimo acid ay u dhaxayso 160-18 ℃, iyo in estaro amino amino amino amino acid ay tahay inta u dhaxaysa 180-200 ℃, kaasoo aan iswaafaqsaneyn xogta kor ku xusan. Sababta ayaa laga yaabaa inay la xiriirto habka baaritaanka.
Xaqiiqdii, aliphatic chdi (1,4-Cyclohexe Diisocyate) iyo HDI (hexametylnete diisocyate) waxay leeyihiin iskahoro qabow oo ka fiican sida caadiga ah loo isticmaalo mdi iyo tdi. Gaar ahaan Transi ChDi qaab-dhismeedka summeterical ayaa loo aqoonsaday inuu yahay ugu adkaysata ugu adkaysata. Dhaqaaleyaasha Polyaurethane ee loo diyaariyey waxay leeyihiin wax-ka-qabatin wanaagsan, iska caabbinta hydrolysis wanaagsan, heerkul jilcisa sare, heerkulka ku-meel-gaarka ah, heerkulka ku-meel-gaarka ah, hudheelka kuleylka ee sarreeya.
Marka lagu daro Kooxda Ester-ka ee AMININuthane ee Ciidamada Erastomane sidoo kale waxay leeyihiin kooxo kale oo shaqeynaya sida urea oo ka mid ah urea, bireate, urea, iwm. Kooxahaas waxay mari karaan jahwareerka kuleylka heerkulka sare:
Nhcoco - (aliphatic urea oo la sameeyo), 85-105 ℃;
- Nhcoco - (udgoon udgoon udgoon), heerkul ah 1-120 ℃;
- NHCONCONH - (aliphatic birelet), heerkul u dhexeeya 10 ° C illaa 110 ° C;
NHCONCONH - (BOQACIC Deelet), 115-125 ℃;
NHCONH - (Aliphatic Urea), 140-180 ℃;
- Nhcon - (udgoon udgoon ah), 160-200 ℃;
Giraanta ISOCYURATE> 270 ℃.
Heerkulka kaadida-kuleylka ee bilaha Beeret iyo qaab-dhismeedka ku saleysan urea ayaa aad uga yar kan aminoformate iyo urea, halka Isocyanurtate uu leeyahay xasilloonida kuleylka ugu fiican. In soo saarista taraamer-ka, Itomatates-ka xad-dhaafka ah ayaa ka jawaabi kara falcelinta aminoformate-ka la sameeyay iyo urea si ay u samayso qaab dhismeedka ku saleysan diyaarinta urwaa iyo qaab-dhismeedka laxiriira ee noolaha. In kasta oo ay wanaajin karaan astaamaha farsamada ee dadka elastom-ka, aad bay u xasilloon yihiin kuleylka.
Si loo yareeyo kooxaha kuleylka aan degganayn sida bireret iyo urea oo ka dhaca dadka cudurka loo yaqaan 'Estomater', waxaa lagama maarmaan ah in laga fiirsado saamiga cayriin iyo habka wax soo saarka. Qiyaasta ISOCYANATE xad-dhaaf ah waa in la istcimaalaa, iyo habab kale waa in loo istcimaalaa inta ugu badan ee suuragalka ah ee qayb ka mid ah farriinta isgoyska ee alaabta ceyriinka ah (badiyaa waa la kaashanayo, ka dibna lagu soo rogo elastomer-ka sida laga soo xigtay howsha caadiga ah. Tani waxay noqotay habka ugu caansan ee loo adeegsado soo saarista kuleylka u adkaysta iyo ololka u adkaysta cudurka polyurethane ee u adkaysta polyurethane.
03 hydrolysis iyo kuleylka kuleylka
Qalabka cudurka polyurthane waxay u nugul yihiin jahwareerka kuleylka ee qaybaha adag iyo isbedelada kiimikada ee u dhigma qaybaha jilicsan ee heerkulka sare. Erastomaster-ka Polyester wuxuu leeyahay iska caabbinta biyaha oo liidata iyo u janjeeqda aad u daran in hydrololyeze ku dhaca heerkulka dhaadheer. Nolosha adeegga polyester / TDI / GIRIINNIINNENINE waxay gaari kartaa 4-5 bilood 50 ℃, kaliya laba toddobaad oo keliya 70 ℃, iyo dhowr maalmood oo ka badan 100 ℃. Dabaaldegga Ester wuxuu u geyn karaa aashitada u dhigma iyo aalkolada marka ay ku dhacaan biyo kulul iyo uumiga, iyo urea iyo kooxaha estreer-ka ee loo yaqaan 'Estomates' ayaa sidoo kale mari kara jawaab-celinta hydrolysis:
Rcoor h20- → rcohoh hor
Khamri aalkolo
Hal rnhconhr hal h20- → rxhcoh h2nr -
Elin qaadasho
Hal rnhcor-h20- r rncohoh Hid -
Amino oo qaabeeya estrer Amino ayaa sameysa aalkolo
Erastomariyaasha polythert-ka ee fadhiga leh waxay leeyihiin xasillooni xumo oo liita, iyo tabaryayaal salka ku haya Etherds α- Hydrogen-ka ku taal kaarboonka ambaxadka si fudud ayaa loo qaddarin doonaa, sameynta hydrogen poricogen. Ka dib markii la sii daayo iyo jahwareerka, waxay dhalisaa oxide xagjirnimo iyo xag-jirnimada hydroxyl, oo aakhirkii burburinayo la soo bandhigo ama aldehydes.
Polysters kala duwan ayaa saameyn yar ku leh u-adkeysiga kululaynta ee tabar-yarta, halka cilmiga poyeters kaladuwan ay leeyihiin saameyn gaar ah. Marka la barbar dhigo TDI-Moca-Ptmeg, Tdi-moca-ptmeg wuxuu leeyahay xaddiga haynta xoogga ee 44% iyo 60% marka loo eego da'da 121 ℃, oo kan dambe, oo kan dambe uu si weyn uga fiican yahay kii hore. Sababta ayaa laga yaabaa inay tahay in moleekuleyaasha ppg ay leeyihiin silsilado bir ah, oo aan u qalmin hab-hagida joogtada ah ee moleekul-galka laastikada ah oo yareeya kuleylka kululaynta ee jirka laastikada. Amarka xasilloonida kuleylka ee polythers waa: ptmeg> peg> ppg.
Kooxo kale oo shaqeynaya oo ka jira taraamyada polyurethane, sida urea iyo carbamate, sidoo kale waxay mariyaan jawaab-ka-galka iyo jawaab-celinta hydrolysis iyo hydrolitics. Si kastaba ha noqotee, kooxda Ethet waa kuwa ugu fudud ee loo yaqaan 'oks', halka kooxda ester-ka ah ay ugu fududahay hydrolyzed. Amarka antioxidant-ka iyo hydrolysiy-ka iska caabbinta ayaa ah:
Waxqabadka Antioxidant: Esters> Urea> Carbamate> ether;
Isu-caabbic hydrolysiy: ester
Si loo hagaajiyo caabbinta oksidation ee polyerither-ka polynetherther iyo u caabbinta hydrolysis ee polyester polyurethane, sida ku darista 1% phenolic-ka cudurka 'irgtox1010' 'ptmeg polyerther'. Awoodda goynta ee loo yaqaan 'elastomer' waxaa lagu kordhin karaa 3-5 jeer marka la barbar dhigo iyada oo aan ka hortag lahayn (natiijooyinka baaritaanka ka dib da'da 1500C 168 saacadood). Laakiin maahan antioxidant kastaa waxay saameyn ku leedahay cudurka polyurethane, kaliya phenolic 1,,10-ka-hortagga Iftiinka ee AMINOL, oo ay suuragal tahay, sababtoo ah phonexidayaasha antiolic-ka waxay leeyihiin waafaqsanaanta wanaagsan ee cudurka loo yaqaan 'phomeoxida'. Si kastaba ha noqotee, oo ay ugu wacan tahay doorka muhiimka ah ee ku jira @droxyl kooxaha hydroxyl ee habka loo yaqaan 'phenolic' ee phenolic-ka cudurka 'phenolict', si looga hortago fal-celin-hoosaadka ee nidaamka 'polnocyl' oo ay tahay in ay noqdaan kuwo aad u weyn, oo antioxidates ah waa in lagu dari karaa protrottymersers iyo silsiladaha silsiladda. Haddii lagu daro inta lagu gudajiro soosaarka propolumymers, waxay si weyn saameyn ugu yeelan doontaa saameynta xasilinta.
Waxyaabaha lagu daro ee loo adeegsado kahortaga hydrolysis-ka cudurka 'polyerethers polyurethane' waa inta badan xerbarom-ka, oo ka falceliya aashitada carbbodimeside ee ka dhashay astaamaha polyurethane-ka si ay u soo saaraan astaamaha 'polyurethes', ka hortagga hydrolysis dheeraad ah. Ku darista carbodimimilide ee jajab ballaaran oo ah 2% illaa 5% waxay kordhin karaan xasilloonida biyaha ee polyurethane markay tahay 2-4 jeer. Intaa waxaa sii dheer, Tert Meyl Castal, hexametylyletterettramine, azodicarnarbonamide, iwm.
04 astaamaha waxqabadka ugu weyn
Dhaqaaleyaasha polyanurethane waa caadiyado badan oo ah xannibaadaha badan ee copoluam, oo leh silsilado molikalar ah oo ka kooban qaybo heerkul ah oo dabacsan oo ka hooseeya heerkulka qolka iyo qaybaha adag ee heerkulka galaaska ka sarreeya heerkulka qolka. Waxaa ka mid ah, ka mid ah, oligomalols-ka oligomols waxay sameeyaan qaybo dabacsan, halka Diosocyanaates iyo kuwa yaryar ee silsiladda molekauleedku ay sameeyaan qaybo adag. Qaab dhismeedka isku-dhafka ah ee qaybaha dabacsan iyo qaybaha silsiladda adag ayaa go'aamisa waxqabadka gaarka ah:
(1) Kala soocidda adag ee caagga caadiga ah guud ahaan waa u dhexeeyaa Shaoer A20-A90, halka noocyada adag ee balaastigga ah ay ku saabsan tahay Shaaer a95 Shaaer d100. Dhagarka 'Polyaurethane' ayaa u gaari kara ilaa Shaaer A10 iyo sida ugu sareeya Shaoer D85, iyada oo aan loo baahnayn caawimaad buuxinta;
(2) Xoog sare iyo dabacsanaan ayaa wali lagu ilaalin karaa si ballaaran oo adag;
(3) aad u fiican cabashadda caabbinta, 2-10 jeer oo ah caagga dabiiciga ah;
(4) iska caabin aad u wanaagsan oo biyo, saliid, iyo kiimikooyin;
(5) iska caabin saamayn sare leh, iska caabbinta daalka, iyo iska caabinta gariirka ah, oo ku habboon codsiyada laxiriira ee soo noqnoqda;
(6) iska caabin heerkul hooseeya oo wanaagsan, oo leh heerkul hoose oo heerkul hoose -30 ℃ ama -70 ℃;
(7) Waxay leedahay wax qabad aad u fiican, oo ay ugu wacan tahay wanaajinta kuleylka ee hooseysa, waxay leedahay saameyn wanaagsan oo dahaar ah marka loo barbar dhigo caag iyo caag;
(8) Biyo-yareeynta wanaagsan iyo guryaha lidka ku ah;
(9) Dambiilayaal koronto oo aad u fiican, caabbinta caloosha, iyo xasilloonida UV.
Dhaqaaleyaasha polyurethane waxaa lagu samayn karaa iyadoo la adeegsanayo isla habraacyada isla habka caadiga ah ee caag ahaan, sida caagga lagula jiro, isku-darka, iyo vyation. Waxaa sidoo kale lagu abuuri karaa qaab caag ah oo dareere ah iyadoo lagu shubinayo, xarkaha centrifugal, ama lagu buufiyo. Waxaa sidoo kale lagu samayn karaa agab graranular waxayna abuuri karaan iyadoo la adeegsanayo duritaan, ka-saarida, duuban, afuufa, iyo geedi socodka kale. Sidan, maahan oo keliya in ay horumariso hufnaanta shaqada, laakiin waxay sidoo kale wanaajisaa saxsanaanta cabbirka iyo muuqaalka sheyga
Waqtiga Post: Dec-05-2023