TPU waa elastomer poliurethane thermoplastic, kaas oo ah koboleymer wajiyo badan leh oo ka kooban diisocyanates, polyols, iyo silsilado fidiyayaasha. Sida elastomer-ka waxqabadka sare leh, TPU waxay leedahay noocyo kala duwan oo jihooyin hoosaad ah waxaana si weyn loogu isticmaalaa baahiyaha maalinlaha ah, qalabka isboortiga, alaabta lagu ciyaaro, alaabta qurxinta, iyo meelaha kale, sida alaabta kabaha, tuubooyinka, fiilooyinka, qalabka caafimaadka, iwm.
Waqtigan xaadirka ah, soosaarayaasha ugu weyn ee TPU alaabta ceeriin waxaa ka mid ah BASF, Covestro, Lubrizol, Huntsman, Wanhua Chemical,Qalabka Cusub ee Linghua, iyo wixi la mida. Iyada oo la adeegsanayo qaabeynta iyo ballaarinta awoodda ganacsiyada gudaha, warshadaha TPU hadda waa tartan heer sare ah. Si kastaba ha noqotee, goobta codsiga-dhamaadka sare, waxay weli ku tiirsan tahay soo dejinta, taas oo sidoo kale ah aag uu Shiinuhu u baahan yahay si uu u gaaro horumarro. Aynu ka hadalno rajada suuqa mustaqbalka ee alaabta TPU.
1. E-TPU xumbo aad u saraysa
Sannadkii 2012, Adidas iyo BASF waxay si wadajir ah u soo saareen astaanta kabaha orodka ee EnergyBoost, kaas oo u adeegsada TPU xumbo leh (magaca ganacsiga infinergy) oo ah walxaha dhexe. Sababtoo ah isticmaalka polyether-ka TPU ee leh Shore A engegnaanta 80-85 sida substrate, marka la barbar dhigo dhexda dhexe ee EVA, dhexda dhexe ee TPU xumbo waxay weli sii wadi kartaa barti wanaagsan iyo jilicsanaanta degaannada ka hooseeya 0 ℃, taas oo hagaajinaysa xirashada raaxada oo si weyn loo aqoonsan yahay suuqa.
2. Fiber la xoojiyay oo wax laga beddelay oo TPU ka kooban
TPU waxay leedahay iska caabin wanaagsan oo saameyn leh, laakiin codsiyada qaarkood, modules laastikada sare iyo walxo aad u adag ayaa loo baahan yahay. Wax ka beddelka xoojinta fiber-ka dhalada waa farsamo caadi ahaan loo isticmaalo si loo kordhiyo moodalka laastikada ee alaabta. Iyada oo loo marayo wax ka beddelka, qalabka isku dhafan ee thermoplastic leh faa'iidooyin badan sida modules-laastikada sare, dahaarka wanaagsan, caabbinta kulaylka xooggan, waxqabadka soo kabashada laastikada wanaagsan, caabbinta daxalka wanaagsan, caabbinta saameynta, isku-dhafka hoose ee ballaarinta, iyo xasilloonida cabbirka ayaa la heli karaa.
BASF waxay soo bandhigtay tignoolajiyada loogu talagalay diyaarinta fiberglass-ka sare ee TPU ee la xoojiyay iyadoo la adeegsanayo fiilooyinka gaaban ee galaaska ee shatigeeda. TPU oo leh Shore D adag oo ah 83 ayaa la sameeyay iyada oo la isku daray polytetrafluoroethylene glycol (PTMEG, Mn=1000), MDI, iyo 1,4-butanediol (BDO) oo leh 1,3-propanediol sida alaabta ceeriin. TPU-gan waxaa lagu daray fiber galaas ah oo cabirkeedu yahay 52:48 si loo helo walxo isku dhafan oo leh moodeel laastikada ah oo ah 18.3 GPa iyo xoogga xajinta ee 244 MPa.
Marka laga soo tago fiber-ka galaaska, waxa kale oo jira warbixino ku saabsan alaabooyinka la isticmaalayo kaarboon-fiber-ka kooban ee TPU, sida Covestro's Maezio carbon fiber/TPU composite board, kaas oo leh moduus laastikada ah ilaa 100GPa iyo cufnaanta hoose marka loo eego biraha.
3. Halogen olal xor ah TPU
TPU waxay leedahay awood sare, adkeysi sare, iska caabin aad u fiican iyo sifooyin kale, taasoo ka dhigaysa shey galka ah oo aad ugu habboon fiilooyinka iyo fiilooyinka. Laakin goobaha codsiga sida saldhigyada dallacadu, dabci sare ayaa loo baahan yahay. Guud ahaan waxaa jira laba siyaabood oo lagu wanaajin karo waxqabadka dib u dhigista ololka ee TPU. Mid waa wax ka beddelka dib-u-dejinta ololka, kaas oo ku lug leh soo bandhigida walxaha ololka celinaya sida polyols ama isocyanates oo ay ku jiraan fosfooraska, nitrogen, iyo walxo kale oo ku jira isku-dhafka TPU iyada oo loo marayo isku-xidhka kiimikada; Midda labaad waa wax ka beddelka dib-u-dejinta ololka, kaas oo ku lug leh isticmaalka TPU substrate-ka iyo ku darista ololka dib-u-dhigista isku-dhafka dhalaalka.
Wax ka beddelka falcelinta waxay bedeli kartaa qaab-dhismeedka TPU, laakiin marka qaddarka dib-u-kicinta ololka wax lagu daro uu weyn yahay, awoodda TPU hoos ayey u dhacdaa, waxqabadka wax-qabadku wuu sii xumaanayaa, oo ku darida qaddar yar ma gaari karto heerka dib-u-celinta ololka ee loo baahan yahay. Waqtigan xaadirka ah, ma jiraan wax ganacsi ah oo la heli karo badeeco ololka sareeysa oo si dhab ah u buuxin kara codsiga saldhigyada.
Saynistii hore ee Bayer MaterialScience (hadda Kostron) ayaa mar soo bandhigtay fosfooraska organic ka kooban polyol (IHPO) oo ku salaysan fosfiin oxide ee patent. Polyether-ka TPU ee laga sameeyay IHPO, PTMEG-1000, 4,4 '- MDI, iyo BDO waxay soo bandhigaysaa dib u dhac olol oo aad u fiican iyo sifooyin farsamo. Habka extrusion waa siman, iyo dusha alaabta waa siman.
Ku darida dab-celiyayaasha ololka aan halogen-la'aanta ahayn hadda waa dariiqa farsamada ee ugu badan ee la isticmaalo diyaarinta TPU-da holac-la'aanta halogen. Guud ahaan, fosfooraska ku salaysan, nitrogen ku salaysan, Silicon ku salaysan, boron-ku-salaysan ololka ayaa la isku daray ama hydroxides biraha ah ayaa loo isticmaalaa dib-u-celinta ololka. Sababo la xiriira ololka dabiiciga ah ee TPU, qadar buuxinta ololka oo ka badan 30% ayaa inta badan loo baahan yahay si loo sameeyo lakab xasilan oo ololaya inta lagu jiro gubashada. Si kastaba ha noqotee, marka qadarka dib-u-celinta ololka lagu daray uu weyn yahay, dab-demiska ololku wuxuu si aan sinnayn ugu kala firdhiyaa substrate-ka TPU, iyo sifooyinka farsamada ee TPU ololka ma aha mid ku habboon, taas oo sidoo kale xaddidaysa codsigeeda iyo kor u qaadida beeraha sida tuubooyinka, filimada. , iyo fiilooyinka.
Patentka BASF waxa uu soo bandhigayaa tignoolajiyada TPU ololaysa, taas oo isku darka melamine polyphosphate iyo fosfooraska ka kooban soosaar phosphinic acid sida olol dib u celiyaasha TPU oo leh celcelis miisaan kelli ah oo ka weyn 150kDa. Waxaa la ogaaday in waxqabadka dib-u-celinta ololka si weyn loo hagaajiyay iyada oo la gaarayo xoogga xajinta sare.
Si loo sii wanaajiyo xoogga jilicsanaanta walxaha, shatiyada BASF waxay soo bandhigaysaa hab lagu diyaariyo wakiilka iskutallaabta ee masterbatch ka kooban isocyanates. Ku darida 2% ee nooca masterbatch-ka isku-dhafka ah ee buuxiya shuruudaha UL94V-0 ee dab-demiska waxay kordhin kartaa xoogga jilicsanaanta walxaha laga bilaabo 35MPa ilaa 40MPa iyadoo la ilaalinayo waxqabadka V-0 ee ololka.
Si loo hagaajiyo iska caabinta gabowga kulaylka ee TPU ololka, patent-kaShirkadda Qalabka Cusub ee Linghuasidoo kale waxay soo bandhigaysaa habka loo isticmaalo hydroxides biraha dahaarka leh ee dusha sare leh sida ololka dib u dhiga. Si loo hagaajiyo iska caabbinta hydrolysis ee TPU ololka,Shirkadda Qalabka Cusub ee Linghuakaarboonaydh bir ah ayaa la keenay iyadoo lagu salaynayo ku darista ololka melamine ee codsi kale oo patent ah.
4. TPU ee filimka ilaalinta rinjiga baabuurta
Filimka ilaalinta rinjiga baabuurku waa filim ilaalinaya oo ka soocaya dusha rinjiga hawada ka dib marka la rakibo, ka hortagaya roobka aashitada, oksaydhka, xagashada, oo siiya ilaalin dheer oo dusha rinjiga ah. Shaqadeeda ugu weyn waa in la ilaaliyo dusha rinjiga baabuurka ka dib marka la rakibo. Filimka ilaalinta rinjiga guud ahaan wuxuu ka kooban yahay saddex lakab, oo leh dahaar is-bogsiin ah oo dusha sare ah, filim polymer ah oo dhexda ku yaal, iyo koollada cadaadiska-xasaasiga ah ee lakabka hoose. TPU waa mid ka mid ah qalabka ugu muhiimsan ee diyaarinta filimada polymer dhexdhexaad ah.
Shuruudaha waxqabadka ee TPU ee loo isticmaalo filimka ilaalinta rinjiga waa sida soo socota: caabbinta xoqan, daah-furnaan sare (gudbinta iftiinka> 95%), dabacsanaanta heerkulka hooseeya, iska caabbinta heerkulka sare, xoogga xajinta> 50MPa, elongation> 400%, iyo Shore A kala duwanaanta adag ee 87-93; Waxqabadka ugu muhiimsan waa iska caabinta cimilada, oo ay ku jiraan iska caabinta gabowga UV, hoos u dhaca kuleylka kuleylka, iyo hydrolysis.
Alaabooyinka hadda bislaaday waa TPU aliphatic oo laga diyaariyey dicyclohexyl diisocyanate (H12MDI) iyo diol polycaprolactone oo ah alaab ceeriin ah. Udugga caadiga ah ee TPU si muuqata wuxuu isu rogaa huruud ka dib hal maalin oo shucaaca UV ah, halka aliphatic TPU ee loo isticmaalo filimka duubista baabuurta ay ilaalin karto isku-dheellitirkeeda jaalaha ah iyada oo aan isbeddelo muhiim ah ku jirin isla shuruudaha.
Poly (ε - caprolactone) TPU waxay leedahay waxqabad dheellitiran marka la barbar dhigo polyeter iyo polyester TPU. Dhanka kale, waxay soo bandhigi kartaa iska caabbinta jeexjeexyada jeexjeexa ee TPU-ga caadiga ah ee polyester-ka, halka dhanka kale, ay sidoo kale muujinayso is-beddel joogto ah oo hooseeya oo hooseeya iyo waxqabadka sare ee polyether-ka TPU, oo si ballaaran loogu isticmaalo suuqa.
Sababo la xiriira shuruudaha kala duwan ee wax ku oolnimada wax soo saarka ka dib kala-soocidda suuqa, iyada oo la hagaajinayo tignoolajiyada daahan dusha sare iyo awoodda hagaajinta caanaha, waxaa sidoo kale jira fursad polyether ama polyester caadi ah H12MDI aliphatic TPU in lagu dabaqo filimada ilaalinta rinjiga mustaqbalka.
5. Biobased TPU
Habka caadiga ah ee diyaarinta TPU ku salaysan bio waa in la soo bandhigo monomers ku salaysan bio ama dhex dhexaadiyeyaasha inta lagu jiro habka polymerization, sida isocyyanates ku salaysan bio (sida MDI, PDI), polyols bio ku salaysan, iwm. suuqa, halka polyols biobased ay aad u badan yihiin.
Marka la eego isocyanates bio-based, horaantii 2000, BASF, Covestro, iyo kuwa kale waxay ku bixiyeen dadaal badan cilmi baarista PDI, iyo dufcaddii ugu horreysay ee alaabada PDI ayaa la geliyay suuqa 2015-2016. Kiimikada Wanhua waxay soo saartay 100% badeecooyin TPU ku salaysan bio iyadoo la adeegsanayo PDI ku salaysan bio oo laga sameeyay kariyaha galleyda.
Marka la eego polyols-ka noolaha, waxaa ka mid ah bio-based polytetrafluoroethylene (PTMEG), bio based 1,4-butanediol (BDO), bio based 1,3-propanediol (PDO), polyester polyester-ku salaysan bio, polyeter polyether-ku salaysan, iwm.
Waqtigan xaadirka ah, soosaarayaal badan oo TPU ah ayaa bilaabay TPU ku salaysan bio, kuwaas oo waxqabadkoodu la barbardhigi karo TPU kiimikaad dhaqameed. Farqiga ugu weyn ee udhaxeeya TPU-yada bio-ku-saleysan waxay kujiraan heerka maadada ku saleysan noolaha, guud ahaan u dhaxaysa 30% ilaa 40%, iyadoo qaarkood xitaa gaareen heerar sare. Marka la barbar dhigo TPU-da dhaqameed ee ku salaysan batroolka, bio-based TPU waxay leedahay faa'iidooyin sida yaraynta qiiqa kaarboonka, dib u soo noolaynta joogtada ah ee alaabta ceeriin, wax soo saarka cagaaran, iyo ilaalinta khayraadka. BASF, Covestro, Lubrizol, Wanhua Kiimikada, iyoQalabka Cusub ee Linghuawaxay bilaabeen astaamahooda TPU ku salaysan bio, iyo dhimista kaarboonka iyo sii jiritaanku waxay sidoo kale yihiin jihooyinka muhiimka ah ee horumarinta TPU mustaqbalka.
Waqtiga boostada: Agoosto-09-2024