TPU waa elastomer-ka thermoplastic polyurethane, kaas oo ah copolymer-ka wejiyada badan leh oo ka kooban diisocyanates, polyols, iyo fidiyeyaasha silsiladda. Maadaama uu yahay elastomer-ka waxqabadka sare leh, TPU waxay leedahay jihooyin badan oo hoos u socda oo badeecada ah waxaana si weyn loogu isticmaalaa baahiyaha maalinlaha ah, qalabka isboortiga, alaabta carruurtu ku ciyaarto, agabka qurxinta, iyo meelaha kale, sida qalabka kabaha, tuubooyinka, fiilooyinka, aaladaha caafimaadka, iwm.
Waqtigan xaadirka ah, soosaarayaasha ugu waaweyn ee TPU-ga waxaa ka mid ah BASF, Covestro, Lubrizol, Huntsman, Wanhua Chemical,Qalabka Cusub ee Linghua, iwm. Iyada oo la adeegsanayo qaab-dhismeedka iyo ballaarinta awoodda shirkadaha gudaha, warshadaha TPU hadda waa kuwo aad u tartan badan. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, qaybta codsiyada heerka sare ah, wali waxay ku tiirsan tahay soo dejinta, taas oo sidoo kale ah meel ay Shiinuhu u baahan yahay inuu ku gaaro horumarro. Aan ka hadalno rajada suuqa mustaqbalka ee alaabada TPU.
1. E-TPU xumbo badan oo Supercritical ah
Sannadkii 2012, Adidas iyo BASF waxay si wadajir ah u sameeyeen astaanta kabaha orodka EnergyBoost, taas oo adeegsata TPU xumbo leh (magaca ganacsiga infinergy) oo ah agabka cidhifka dhexe. Iyada oo loo adeegsanayo TPU polyether oo leh adkaanta Shore A oo ah 80-85 sida substrate-ka, marka la barbar dhigo cidhifyada dhexe ee EVA, cidhifyada dhexe ee TPU ee xumbo leh ayaa wali ilaalin kara dabacsanaan iyo jilicsanaan wanaagsan jawi ka hooseeya 0 ℃, taas oo wanaajisa raaxada xirashada oo si weyn looga aqoonsan yahay suuqa.
2. Qalabka isku-dhafka ah ee TPU ee wax laga beddelay ee fiber-ka lagu xoojiyay
TPU waxay leedahay iska caabin saameyn oo wanaagsan, laakiin codsiyada qaarkood, modulus-ka dabacsan ee sare iyo walxo aad u adag ayaa loo baahan yahay. Wax ka beddelka xoojinta fiber-ka galaaska waa farsamo si caadi ah loo isticmaalo si loo kordhiyo modulus-ka dabacsan ee walxaha. Iyada oo loo marayo wax ka beddelka, walxaha isku-dhafan ee thermoplastic-ka oo leh faa'iidooyin badan sida modulus-ka dabacsan ee sare, dahaarka wanaagsan, iska caabbinta kulaylka oo xooggan, waxqabadka soo kabashada dabacsan ee wanaagsan, iska caabbinta daxalka wanaagsan, iska caabbinta saameynta, isku-darka ballaarinta oo hooseeya, iyo xasilloonida cabbirka ayaa la heli karaa.
BASF waxay soo bandhigtay tiknoolajiyad lagu diyaarinayo TPU fiberglass oo modulus sare leh oo la xoojiyay iyadoo la adeegsanayo fiilooyin galaas gaaban oo ku jira shatigeeda. TPU oo leh adkaanta Shore D ee 83 ayaa la sameeyay iyadoo la isku darayo polytetrafluoroethylene glycol (PTMEG, Mn=1000), MDI, iyo 1,4-butanediol (BDO) oo leh 1,3-propanediol oo ah walxo ceeriin ah. TPU-gan waxaa lagu daray fiber galaas oo leh saamiga cufnaanta 52:48 si loo helo walxo isku dhafan oo leh modulus laastikada ah oo ah 18.3 GPa iyo xoog jiidis ah oo ah 244 MPa.
Marka laga soo tago fiber-ka galaaska, waxaa sidoo kale jira warbixino sheegaya in alaabada la isticmaalayo TPU-ga isku-dhafka ah ee fiber-ka kaarboon, sida guddiga isku-dhafka ah ee Covestro's Maezio carbon fiber/TPU, kaas oo leh modules laastikada ah oo ilaa 100GPa ah iyo cufnaan ka hooseysa biraha.
3. TPU-ga dab-damiska ee aan halogen lahayn
TPU waxay leedahay xoog sare, adkeysi sare, iska caabin heer sare ah oo xirasho iyo sifooyin kale, taasoo ka dhigaysa walxo aad ugu habboon fiilooyinka iyo fiilooyinka. Laakiin goobaha codsiga sida saldhigyada dallacaadda, waxaa loo baahan yahay dib-u-celin olol oo sare. Guud ahaan waxaa jira laba siyaabood oo lagu hagaajin karo waxqabadka dib-u-celinta ololka ee TPU. Midda koowaad waa wax-ka-beddelka dib-u-celinta ololka, kaas oo ku lug leh soo bandhigida walxaha dib-u-celinta ololka sida polyols ama isocyanates oo ka kooban fosfooraska, nitrogen, iyo walxo kale oo ku jira isku-darka TPU iyada oo loo marayo isku-xidhka kiimikada; Tan labaad waa wax-ka-beddelka dab-celinta dheeraadka ah, kaas oo ku lug leh isticmaalka TPU sida substrate iyo ku darista dib-u-celinta ololka si loogu daro isku-darka dhalaalka.
Wax ka beddelka fal-celinta ayaa beddeli kara qaab-dhismeedka TPU, laakiin marka xaddiga dab-damiska lagu daro uu weyn yahay, xoogga TPU wuu yaraadaa, waxqabadka farsamayntu wuu xumaadaa, ku darista xaddi yarna ma gaari karto heerka dab-damiska loo baahan yahay. Waqtigan xaadirka ah, ma jiro badeeco dab-damis sare leh oo ganacsi ahaan laga heli karo oo si dhab ah u dabooli karta codsiga saldhigyada dallacaadda.
Bayer MaterialScience hore (oo hadda ah Kostron) ayaa mar soo bandhigtay fosfooraska dabiiciga ah oo ka kooban polyol (IHPO) oo ku salaysan phosphine oxide oo ku jira shati. Polyether TPU oo laga sameeyay IHPO, PTMEG-1000, 4,4 '- MDI, iyo BDO waxay muujinaysaa dabacsanaan olol iyo sifooyin farsamo oo aad u fiican. Habka fidinta waa siman yahay, dusha sare ee badeecaduna waa siman yahay.
Ku darista dab-damiyaasha aan halogen-ka lahayn hadda waa wadada farsamada ee ugu badan ee loo isticmaalo diyaarinta TPU-da dab-damiyaasha aan halogen-ka lahayn. Guud ahaan, dab-damiyaasha ku salaysan fosfooraska, ku salaysan nitrogen, ku salaysan silicon, iyo kuwa ku salaysan boron waa kuwo isku dhafan ama hydroxides bir ah ayaa loo isticmaalaa sidii dab-damiyaasha. Sababtoo ah ololka ku jira TPU, qadarka buuxinta dab-damiyaasha oo ka badan 30% ayaa badanaa loo baahan yahay si loo sameeyo lakab dab-damiyaasha oo deggan inta lagu jiro gubashada. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, marka xaddiga dab-damiyaasha lagu daray uu weyn yahay, dab-damiyaasha si aan sinnayn ayaa ugu kala firirsan substrate-ka TPU, sifooyinka farsamada ee TPU-da dab-damiyaasha ahna ma aha kuwo ku habboon, taas oo sidoo kale xaddidaysa codsigeeda iyo kor u qaadisteeda meelaha sida tuubooyinka, filimada, iyo fiilooyinka.
Patent-ka BASF wuxuu soo bandhigayaa tiknoolajiyad TPU ah oo dab-damis ah, taas oo isku daraysa melamine polyphosphate iyo fosfooraska oo ka kooban fosfooraska oo ka soo jeeda aashitada phosphinic sida dab-damisyada iyo TPU oo leh miisaan celcelis ahaan miisaan molecular ah oo ka weyn 150kDa. Waxaa la ogaaday in waxqabadka dab-damiska si weyn loo hagaajiyay iyadoo la gaarayo xoog sare oo la jiidi karo.
Si loo sii xoojiyo xoogga jiidista ee walxaha, shatiga BASF wuxuu soo bandhigayaa hab lagu diyaariyo masterbatch wakiil isku xidha oo ka kooban isocyanates. Ku darista 2% noocan ah masterbatch halabuurka buuxiya shuruudaha UL94V-0 ee dab-damiska waxay kordhin kartaa xoogga jiidista ee walxaha laga bilaabo 35MPa ilaa 40MPa iyadoo la ilaalinayo waxqabadka dab-damiska V-0.
Si loo hagaajiyo iska caabbinta gabowga kulaylka ee TPU-ga ololka joojiya, patent-kaShirkadda Qalabka Cusub ee Linghuasidoo kale waxay soo bandhigaysaa hab loo isticmaalo hydroxides-ka birta ah ee dusha sare lagu dahaadhay sidii wax ka qaboojiya dabka. Si loo hagaajiyo iska caabbinta hydrolysis-ka ee TPU-ga ololka joojiya,Shirkadda Qalabka Cusub ee Linghuawaxay soo bandhigtay kaarboonat bir ah iyadoo lagu saleynayo ku darista wax ka beddesha ololka melamine codsi kale oo shati ah.
4. TPU oo loogu talagalay filimka ilaalinta rinjiga baabuurta
Filimka ilaalinta rinjiga baabuurtu waa filim ilaalin ah oo ka soocaya dusha sare ee rinjiga hawada ka dib rakibidda, ka hortaga roobka aashitada, oksaydhka, xoqidda, iyo ilaalinta waarta ee dusha sare ee rinjiga. Shaqadiisu ugu weyni waa inay ilaaliso dusha sare ee rinjiga gaariga ka dib rakibidda. Filimka ilaalinta rinjiga guud ahaan wuxuu ka kooban yahay saddex lakab, oo leh dahaar is-bogsiin ah oo dusha sare ah, filim polymer ah oo dhexda ku yaal, iyo dhejis acrylic ah oo xasaasi u ah cadaadiska lakabka hoose. TPU waa mid ka mid ah agabka ugu muhiimsan ee lagu diyaariyo filimada polymer-ka ee dhexdhexaadka ah.
Shuruudaha waxqabadka ee TPU ee loo isticmaalo filimka ilaalinta rinjiga waa sida soo socota: iska caabbinta xoqidda, hufnaanta sare (gudbinta iftiinka>95%), dabacsanaanta heerkulka hooseeya, iska caabbinta heerkulka sare, xoogga jiidista>50MPa, dheereynta>400%, iyo kala duwanaanshaha adkaanta Shore A ee 87-93; Waxqabadka ugu muhiimsan waa iska caabbinta cimilada, oo ay ku jiraan iska caabbinta gabowga UV, burburka oksaydhka kulaylka, iyo hydrolysis.
Badeecadaha hadda bislaaday waa TPU aliphatic ah oo laga soo diyaariyey dicyclohexyl diisocyanate (H12MDI) iyo polycaprolactone diol oo ah walxo ceeriin ah. TPU-ga udgoonka caadiga ah wuxuu si muuqata isu beddelaa huruud ka dib hal maalin oo shucaaca UV ah, halka TPU aliphatic ee loo isticmaalo filimka duubista baabuurta uu sii wadi karo isku-dhafka huruudaynta iyada oo aan isbeddello muhiim ah lagu samayn xaaladaha isku midka ah.
Poly (ε – caprolactone) TPU waxay leedahay waxqabad dheellitiran marka loo eego polyether iyo polyester TPU. Dhinac, waxay muujin kartaa iska caabin aad u fiican oo jeexjeex ah oo ka timaadda TPU-ga polyester-ka caadiga ah, halka dhinaca kale, ay sidoo kale muujinayso isbeddel joogto ah oo cadaadis hooseeya iyo waxqabad dib-u-soo-kabasho sare oo ah polyether TPU, sidaas darteed si weyn ayaa loogu isticmaalaa suuqa.
Sababo la xiriira shuruudaha kala duwan ee kharashka wax soo saarka ka dib kala-soocidda suuqa, iyadoo la horumarinayo tiknoolajiyada dahaarka dusha sare iyo awoodda hagaajinta qaacidada dhejiska, waxaa sidoo kale jira fursad ah in polyether ama polyester-ka caadiga ah ee H12MDI aliphatic TPU lagu dabaqo filimada ilaalinta rinjiga mustaqbalka.
5. TPU-ga ku salaysan bayoolojiga
Habka caadiga ah ee loo diyaariyo TPU-ga ku salaysan bio waa in la soo bandhigo monomers-ka ku salaysan bio ama dhexdhexaadiyeyaasha inta lagu jiro habka polymerization-ka, sida isocyanates-ka ku salaysan bio (sida MDI, PDI), polyols-ka ku salaysan bio, iwm. Kuwaas waxaa ka mid ah isocyanates-ka ku salaysan bio-based waa kuwo aad u yar suuqa, halka polyols-ka ku salaysan bio-based ay aad ugu badan yihiin.
Marka laga hadlayo isocyanates-ka ku salaysan bayoolojiga, ilaa horraantii 2000, BASF, Covestro, iyo kuwa kale waxay dadaal badan geliyeen cilmi-baarista PDI, dufcaddii ugu horreysay ee alaabada PDI-na waxaa la geliyay suuqa 2015-2016. Wanhua Chemical waxay soo saartay 100% alaabada TPU-ga ku salaysan bayoolojiga iyadoo adeegsanaysa PDI-ga ku salaysan bayoolojiga ee laga sameeyay foornada galleyda.
Marka laga hadlayo polyols-ka ku salaysan bio, waxaa ka mid ah polytetrafluoroethylene-ka ku salaysan bio (PTMEG), bio based 1,4-butanediol (BDO), bio based 1,3-propanediol (PDO), bio based polyester polyols, bio based polyether polyols, iwm.
Waqtigan xaadirka ah, soosaarayaal badan oo TPU ah ayaa bilaabay TPU ku salaysan bayooloji, kaas oo waxqabadkiisu la mid yahay TPU-ga ku salaysan bayoolojiga dhaqameed. Farqiga ugu weyn ee u dhexeeya TPU-yadan ku salaysan bayoolojiga wuxuu ku jiraa heerka nuxurka ku salaysan bayoolojiga, guud ahaan wuxuu u dhexeeyaa 30% ilaa 40%, iyadoo qaarkood xitaa ay gaarayaan heerar sare. Marka la barbardhigo TPU-ga ku salaysan bayoolojiga dhaqameed, TPU-ga ku salaysan bayoolojiga wuxuu leeyahay faa'iidooyin sida yaraynta qiiqa kaarboonka, dib u soo noolaynta waarta ee walxaha ceeriin ah, wax soo saarka cagaaran, iyo ilaalinta kheyraadka. BASF, Covestro, Lubrizol, Wanhua Chemical, iyoQalabka Cusub ee Linghuawaxay soo bandhigeen noocyada TPU ee ku salaysan bayoolojiga, yaraynta kaarboonka iyo waaritaanka ayaa sidoo kale ah jihooyinka muhiimka ah ee horumarinta TPU mustaqbalka.
Waqtiga boostada: Agoosto-09-2024